NSE 221 - Final Exam
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1. What is the clinical definition of The administration of a high volume of fluids in a short
an IV bolus? period, typically 1-2 hours.
2. Why is IV therapy preferred It allows for a more rapid onset of medication action, efficient
over oral administration for restoration of hydration, and correction of nutritional deficits
some patients? when the gastrointestinal tract cannot tolerate fluids.
3. What are the three main types Isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions.
of IV solutions based on tonici-
ty?
4. What is the primary character- It has the same osmolarity as blood, resulting in no net fluid
istic of an isotonic solution? movement between cells.
5. What are two common exam- 0.9% Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl) and Lactated Ringer's (LR).
ples of isotonic IV solutions?
6. What is the primary clinical use To treat fluid volume deficit (hypovolemia) and replace extra-
for isotonic solutions? cellular fluid losses.
7. What happens to cells when a Cells swell as water moves from the intravascular space into
hypotonic solution is adminis- the intracellular space.
tered?
8. Dextrose 5% in Water (D5W), because the dextrose is rapidly
metabolized.
, NSE 221 - Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jb22dh
Which IV solution is initially iso-
tonic in the bag but becomes
hypotonic in the body?
9. What are the primary clinical To treat cellular dehydration and hypernatremia, and to pro-
uses for hypotonic solutions? vide fluid for renal excretion of solutes.
10. What is a major nursing risk as- Fluid shifting into the intracellular space can cause hypov-
sociated with the use of hypo- olemia, hypotension, confusion, and cerebral edema.
tonic solutions?
11. What is the primary character- It has a higher osmolarity than blood, causing fluid to move
istic of a hypertonic solution? from the intracellular space into the intravascular space.
12. What happens to cells when a Cells shrink as water moves out of the intracellular space.
hypertonic solution is adminis-
tered?
13. What are the primary clinical To treat severe hyponatremia and reduce cerebral edema.
uses for 3% Normal Saline (3%
NaCl)?
14. Why is 3% NaCl typically admin- Because there is a high risk for fluid overload and pulmonary
istered only in ICU settings? edema, requiring close monitoring.
15. What are the nursing consid- Monitor closely for elevated blood pressure, difficulty
erations for a patient receiving breathing, and serum sodium levels.
3% Normal Saline?
16.
, NSE 221 - Final Exam
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Which patient populations Patients with liver disease, trauma, or burns, as it may worsen
should avoid the use of hypo- hypovolemia.
tonic solutions?
17. What is a contraindication for It should not be used if serum pH is greater than 7.5, as it
using Lactated Ringer's (LR) so- will worsen alkalosis.
lution?
18. What is the difference between Osmolarity is the proportion of dissolved particles in a specif-
osmolarity and osmolality? ic amount of fluid; osmolality is the proportion of dissolved
particles in a specific weight of fluid.
19. What clinical signs should a Edema, crackles in the lungs, and increased blood pressure.
nurse monitor for to detect flu-
id overload?
20. Why is D5W contraindicated Because it acts as a hypotonic solution in the body, it can
in patients with increased in- cause fluid to shift into cells, potentially worsening cerebral
tracranial pressure? edema.
21. What is the effect of hypertonic They increase circulating blood volume, which can lead to an
solutions on blood pressure? increase in blood pressure.
22. When is 0.45% Sodium Chlo- To treat intracellular dehydration and hypernatremia.
ride (0.45% NaCl) indicated?
23. What electrolyte imbalance Potassium levels may become elevated (hyperkalemia).
might be worsened by using
Lactated Ringer's in renal fail-
ure patients?
24. What is the primary risk of Fluid volume excess (hypervolemia), especially in patients
overusing isotonic solutions? with heart or renal failure.
, NSE 221 - Final Exam
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25. What is the purpose of D5 It is used for the replacement of fluid, electrolytes, and calo-
0.45% NaCl? ries, and to treat hypoglycemia.
26. What are the primary clinical Pitting edema, ascites, dyspnea, crackles in the lungs, and
symptoms of hypervolemia (ex- weight gain.
cessive fluid volume)?
27. List five common symptoms Thirst, dry mouth, headache, dry skin, and dark/concentrat-
of hypovolemia (deficient fluid ed urine.
volume).
28. What are specific signs of de- Crying without tears, no wet diapers for 3+ hours, unusual
hydration in infants and young sleepiness, irritability, sunken eyes, and a sunken fontanel.
children?
29. Which patient populations are Older adults, infants/children, those with chronic diseases
at higher risk for mild dehydra- (diabetes, kidney disease), those taking diuretics, and indi-
tion? viduals working in hot weather.
30. How is fluid overload typically Restriction of sodium and fluids, and the administration of
treated? diuretics.
31. What is the primary treatment Increased oral intake of fluids such as water or sports drinks.
for mild dehydration?
32. Compare blood pressure and Deficiency: Decreased BP and decreased pulse rate (initially).
pulse trends in fluid deficiency Overload: Increased BP and increased pulse rate.
versus fluid overload.
33. Why is daily weight assessment To monitor for signs of fluid overload.
important for patients receiv-
ing IV fluids?
34.
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1. What is the clinical definition of The administration of a high volume of fluids in a short
an IV bolus? period, typically 1-2 hours.
2. Why is IV therapy preferred It allows for a more rapid onset of medication action, efficient
over oral administration for restoration of hydration, and correction of nutritional deficits
some patients? when the gastrointestinal tract cannot tolerate fluids.
3. What are the three main types Isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions.
of IV solutions based on tonici-
ty?
4. What is the primary character- It has the same osmolarity as blood, resulting in no net fluid
istic of an isotonic solution? movement between cells.
5. What are two common exam- 0.9% Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl) and Lactated Ringer's (LR).
ples of isotonic IV solutions?
6. What is the primary clinical use To treat fluid volume deficit (hypovolemia) and replace extra-
for isotonic solutions? cellular fluid losses.
7. What happens to cells when a Cells swell as water moves from the intravascular space into
hypotonic solution is adminis- the intracellular space.
tered?
8. Dextrose 5% in Water (D5W), because the dextrose is rapidly
metabolized.
, NSE 221 - Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jb22dh
Which IV solution is initially iso-
tonic in the bag but becomes
hypotonic in the body?
9. What are the primary clinical To treat cellular dehydration and hypernatremia, and to pro-
uses for hypotonic solutions? vide fluid for renal excretion of solutes.
10. What is a major nursing risk as- Fluid shifting into the intracellular space can cause hypov-
sociated with the use of hypo- olemia, hypotension, confusion, and cerebral edema.
tonic solutions?
11. What is the primary character- It has a higher osmolarity than blood, causing fluid to move
istic of a hypertonic solution? from the intracellular space into the intravascular space.
12. What happens to cells when a Cells shrink as water moves out of the intracellular space.
hypertonic solution is adminis-
tered?
13. What are the primary clinical To treat severe hyponatremia and reduce cerebral edema.
uses for 3% Normal Saline (3%
NaCl)?
14. Why is 3% NaCl typically admin- Because there is a high risk for fluid overload and pulmonary
istered only in ICU settings? edema, requiring close monitoring.
15. What are the nursing consid- Monitor closely for elevated blood pressure, difficulty
erations for a patient receiving breathing, and serum sodium levels.
3% Normal Saline?
16.
, NSE 221 - Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jb22dh
Which patient populations Patients with liver disease, trauma, or burns, as it may worsen
should avoid the use of hypo- hypovolemia.
tonic solutions?
17. What is a contraindication for It should not be used if serum pH is greater than 7.5, as it
using Lactated Ringer's (LR) so- will worsen alkalosis.
lution?
18. What is the difference between Osmolarity is the proportion of dissolved particles in a specif-
osmolarity and osmolality? ic amount of fluid; osmolality is the proportion of dissolved
particles in a specific weight of fluid.
19. What clinical signs should a Edema, crackles in the lungs, and increased blood pressure.
nurse monitor for to detect flu-
id overload?
20. Why is D5W contraindicated Because it acts as a hypotonic solution in the body, it can
in patients with increased in- cause fluid to shift into cells, potentially worsening cerebral
tracranial pressure? edema.
21. What is the effect of hypertonic They increase circulating blood volume, which can lead to an
solutions on blood pressure? increase in blood pressure.
22. When is 0.45% Sodium Chlo- To treat intracellular dehydration and hypernatremia.
ride (0.45% NaCl) indicated?
23. What electrolyte imbalance Potassium levels may become elevated (hyperkalemia).
might be worsened by using
Lactated Ringer's in renal fail-
ure patients?
24. What is the primary risk of Fluid volume excess (hypervolemia), especially in patients
overusing isotonic solutions? with heart or renal failure.
, NSE 221 - Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jb22dh
25. What is the purpose of D5 It is used for the replacement of fluid, electrolytes, and calo-
0.45% NaCl? ries, and to treat hypoglycemia.
26. What are the primary clinical Pitting edema, ascites, dyspnea, crackles in the lungs, and
symptoms of hypervolemia (ex- weight gain.
cessive fluid volume)?
27. List five common symptoms Thirst, dry mouth, headache, dry skin, and dark/concentrat-
of hypovolemia (deficient fluid ed urine.
volume).
28. What are specific signs of de- Crying without tears, no wet diapers for 3+ hours, unusual
hydration in infants and young sleepiness, irritability, sunken eyes, and a sunken fontanel.
children?
29. Which patient populations are Older adults, infants/children, those with chronic diseases
at higher risk for mild dehydra- (diabetes, kidney disease), those taking diuretics, and indi-
tion? viduals working in hot weather.
30. How is fluid overload typically Restriction of sodium and fluids, and the administration of
treated? diuretics.
31. What is the primary treatment Increased oral intake of fluids such as water or sports drinks.
for mild dehydration?
32. Compare blood pressure and Deficiency: Decreased BP and decreased pulse rate (initially).
pulse trends in fluid deficiency Overload: Increased BP and increased pulse rate.
versus fluid overload.
33. Why is daily weight assessment To monitor for signs of fluid overload.
important for patients receiv-
ing IV fluids?
34.
