Samenvatting Neurowetenschappen: Pathologische Handelen | ergotherapie Odisee

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Samenvatting Neurowetenschappen: Pathologische Handelen | ergotherapie Odisee

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Samenvatting Neurowetenschappen: pathologische handelen in de Bachelor Ergotherapie (Fase 2) aan Odisee Hogeschool.

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Neurowetenschappen
Pathologische handelen

A. Devesse
Odisee hogeschool
Bachelor ergotherapie
Fase 2

Hebe De Berlangeer
2024 - 2025

,Inhoudstafel
Herhaling normale handelen
Zenuwstelsel........................................................................................................................................... 2
PZS.......................................................................................................................................................... 2
CZS.......................................................................................................................................................... 4
Archi - Paleo - Neo.................................................................................................................................. 5
Het verloop van een zenuwprikkel..........................................................................................................6
Hersenstam - banen en kernen...............................................................................................................7
Redeneerstappen pathologisch handelen
Verstoring van de basiselementen van het handelen
Alertheid en bewustzijn - coma............................................................................................................ 10
Tonus.....................................................................................................................................................14
Oprichtreacties..................................................................................................................................... 18
Evenwichtsreacties................................................................................................................................19
Coördinatie........................................................................................................................................... 21
Sensomotoriek...................................................................................................................................... 23
Perifere zenuwstelsel
Centrale zenuwstelsel
Ruggenmerg..........................................................................................................................................29
Hersenstam en craniale zenuwen......................................................................................................... 34
Cerebrum.............................................................................................................................................. 37
Basale ganglia....................................................................................................................................... 44
Cerebellum............................................................................................................................................49
Plasticiteit - Open boek examen
Examenvragen en puntenverdeling...................................................................................................... 51
Cognitieve bewegingsstrategieën......................................................................................................... 52
Suscitatie en facilitatietechnieken........................................................................................................ 53

1

,Herhaling normale handelen
Zenuwstelsel

Somatische zintuig Receptor Visceraal zintuig

Afferent PZS (sensibel neuron)

CZS (Schakel neuron)

Somatisch ZS Efferent PZS (motorisch neuron) Autonoom ZS
Parasympathisch ZS Sympathisch ZS

Skeletspier Effector Gladde spier
Hartspier
Klieren
Vetweefsel

Feedback

PZS

Radix Ruggenmergzenuw Plexus Perifere zenuw

Radix ventralis → Efferent, motorisch → Efferent, motorisch → Efferent, motorisch
→ Efferent, motorisch EN Afferent sensibel EN Afferent sensibel EN / OF Afferent
→ Geordend volgens sensibel
myotomen → Geordend volgens → Myotomen en → Somatisch en
(kenspieren) myotomen en dermatomen zijn visceraal
dermatomen moeilijk → Verbinding tussen
Radix dorsalis receptor - PZS -
→ Afferent, sensibel effector
→ Geordend volgens
dermatomen = Eindtakbezenuwing

2

, Animaal / Willekeurig Vegetatief / Onwillekeurig

Afferent ZS Somatisch ZS Visceraal Z
Sensibele Sensorische prikkels van omgeving opnemen (receptor) Interne prikkels van organen opnemen (receptor)
banen → Homeostase handhaven
Externe receptoren
- Huid (druk, tast, externe temperatuur) Interne receptoren
- Zicht - Chemische en pH-waarde veranderingen (chemoreceptoren)
- Gehoor - Bloeddruk (baroreceptoren)
- Reuk - Schade (pijn)
- Evenwicht - Diepe druk
Proprioceptoren - Interne temperatuur
- Spierspoel Spijsvertering, ademhaling, bloedvaten, uitscheiding en voortplanting
- Pees en gewrichtsreceptoren

Efferent ZS Somatisch ZS Autonoom ZS
Motorische Motorische eindplaat op skeletspier (effector) Glad spierweefsel, hartspierweefsel, kliersecretie en vetweefsel (effector)
banen Glad spierweefsel: bloedvaten, ogen, luchtwegen, blaas, darmwand

Sympathisch ZS Parasympatisch ZS
Activiteit (fight-or-flight) Rust (herstel)
- Openen pupil altijd, - Sluiten pupil
onafhankelijk van licht
- Hartslag sneller - Hartslag trager
- Bloedvaten vernauwen - Bloedvaten verbreden
- Zweetproductie - Legen van blaas (plassen)
- Afbraak van glycogeen om - Normale afbraak van glucose
sneller energie te hebben
→ Beer komt op u af → Liggen in de zetel

3

01 Neurowetenschappen 1
02 Pathologische handelen 1
03 A. Devesse 1
04 Odisee hogeschool 1
05 Bachelor ergotherapie 1
06 Fase 2 1
07 Hebe De Berlangeer 1
08 2024 - 2025 1
09 Inhoudstafel 2
10 Herhaling normale handelen 3
11 Zenuwstelsel 3
12 PZS 3
1. Afferent ZS 4
2. Efferent ZS 4
13 CZS 5
14 Archi - Paleo - Neo 6
1. 1.Archi-motoriek 6
2. 2.Paleo-motoriek 6
3. 3.Neo-motoriek 6
15 Het verloop van een zenuwprikkel 7
1. 1.Zintuigprikkeling - receptor 7
2. 2.Prikkelgeleiding van zintuig naar ruggenmerg 7
3. 3.Lange loop - korte loop 7
4. Geleiding tussen ruggenmergsegment en CZS 7
5. Geleiding binnen ruggenmergsegment 7
6. 4.Impulsgeleiding van ruggenmerg naar motorische eindplaat 7
7. 5.Effector reactie 7
16 Hersenstam - banen en kernen 8
1. Kernen (tussenstations) van de banen 8
2. Afferente banen (spino-) 8
3. Efferente banen (-spinalis) 9
17 Redeneerstappen pathologisch handelen 10
18 Verstoring basiselementen handelen 11
19 Alertheid en bewustzijn - coma 11
1. Bewustzijn - awareness 11
2. Alertheid - arousal 11
3. Bewustzijnsvermindering 12
4. Revalidatiemethoden bewustzijnsvermindering - multimodale stimulatie 13
20 Tonus 15
1. Pathologische tonus 15
2. Revalidatiemethodiek - normale tonus bekomen 16
3. Overzicht letsels tonus 18
21 Oprichtreacties 19
1. Medulla oblongata 19
2. Cortex 19
22 Evenwichtsreacties 20
1. Evenwicht bewaren - Cerebellum 21
2. Houdingsveranderingen - Basale kernen 21
3. Revalidatiemethoden 21
23 Coördinatie 22
1. Oefeningen 23
24 Sensomotoriek 24
1. A.Sensoriek 24
2. B.Motoriek 26
25 Letsels van het PZS 27
1. 1.Klinische symptomen 27
2. 2.Plaats van letsel 28
3. 3.Revalidatie motorische symptomen 29
4. 4.Revalidatie sensorische symptomen 29
26 Letsels van het CZS 30
27 Ruggenmerg 30
1. 1.Anatomie 30
2. 2.Soorten letsels 30
3. 3.Pathologie van ruggenmergletsels 31
4. 4.Klinische symptomen 32
5. 5.Revalidatie motorische symptomen 33
6. 6.Revalidatie sensibele symptomen 33
7. 7.Redeneerschema ruggenmergletsels 34
28 Hersenstam en craniale zenuwen 35
1. 1.Anatomie 35
2. 2.Soorten letsels 36
3. 3.Veel voorkomende aandoeningen craniale zenuwen 36
4. 4.Medische behandeling 37
5. 5.Revalidatie hersenstamletsels 37
6. 6.Revalidatie craniale zenuwen 37
29 Cerebrum 38
1. 1.Herhaling anatomie 38
2. 2.Mogelijke aandoeningen en Medische behandelingen 38
3. 3.Klinische verschijnselen - letsel cerebrum + Revalidatiemethodiek 41
30 Basale ganglia 45
1. 1.Herhaling anatomie 45
2. 2.Mogelijke aandoeningen en medische behandelingen 45
3. 3.Klinische symptomen 46
4. 4.Revalidatiemethoden 48
31 Cerebellum 50
1. 1.Herhaling anatomie 50
2. 2.Mogelijke aandoeningen en medische behandeling 50
3. 3.Klinische symptomen en revalidatiemethoden 50
32 Plasticiteit - Open boek examen 52
33 Examenvragen en puntenverdeling 52
34 Cognitieve bewegingsstrategieën 53
35 Suscitatie en facilitatietechnieken 54

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Study: Ergotherapie
Uploaded on: September 15, 2026
Number of pages: 54
Written in: 2024/2025
Type: Summary

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neurowetenschappen
pathologische handelen
ergotherapie
zenuwstelsel
hersenstam
cerebellum
basale ganglia
sensomotoriek
examenvoorbereiding
odisee

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