SSM TCAR EXAM - COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE THIS YEAR JUST RELEASED

SSM TCAR EXAM - COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE THIS YEAR JUST RELEASED

Question 1: What is muscle compartment syndrome?
Answer:
Elevated fascial compartment pressure, higher than arterial pressure. MOST prominent symptom
is unrelieved pain



Question 2: What is the ankle-brachial pressure index?
Answer:
SBP of ankle (lower leg) divided by
SBP of brachial (upper arm), normal is 1,
<0.8 means decreased flow



Question 3: What are symptoms of fat embolism syndrome and
when do they occur?
Answer:
Respiratory (tachypnea), neuro (agitation, anxiety) and dermal (petechial rash on chest), occur
12-72 hours after pelvic or long bone fractures



Question 4: What is a diffuse brain injury?
Answer:
Global, generalized. Directly affects consciousness, such as diffuse axonal injury or concussion



Question 5: What is a focal brain injury?
Answer:
Local, indirectly affects consciousness. Focal injuries are something you could point to like a
skull fracture or bleed

,Question 6: What events are typical of diffuse brain injuries?
Answer:
Following the injury, there is a transient loss of consciousness, then the brain re-boots



Question 7: What are clinical findings suggestive of TBI?
Answer:
Somatic-H/A, N&V, blurred vision, fatigue
Cognitive-confusion, impaired judgement
Emotional-depression, irritability, sleep disturbances



Question 8: What is the treatment for TBI?
Answer:
REST



Question 9: What is TBI and second impact syndrome?
Answer:
Occurs when an injured brain receives a SECOND blow in anywhere from minutes to weeks after
the initial impact. This condition is often fatal



Question 10: Peri-orbital ecchymosis or 'raccoon eyes" are result
of?
Answer:
Anterior fossa fracture



Question 11: Post-aricular hematoma or "Battle sign" is a result of?
Answer:
Middle fossa fracture.
If patient has a tympanic tear, CSF leaks -otorrhea

,Question 12: Pressure on which cranial nerve results in pupillary
dilation and loss of reactivity?
Answer:
Cranial nerve III



Question 13: What is the most common site of an epidural
hematoma?
Answer:
Under the temporal bone, at site of the middle meningeal artery. Blood accumulates under the
dura. On CT the hematoma appears convex



Question 14: What is the hallmark of an epidural hematoma?
Answer:
A lucid interval after the injury, the as the bleeding puts more pressure on the brain-fixed &
dilated pupils on the injured side, motor and sensory changes on the CONTRALATERAL side



Question 15: What is the cause of a Subdural hematoma?
Answer:
Bleeding bridging vein is cause
More common than epidural
Blood on brain causes mechanical & chemical damage
Will have same sided (ipsilateral) pupil dilation, contralateral weakness and sensory dysfunction



Question 16: What diagnostic study best identifies intracranial
bleeds?
Answer:
CT, fractures and bleeds are readily apparent on CT, concussions and diffuse injuries are not

, Question 17: What is a cerebral contusion?
Answer:
It is bruising of gray or white matter, that "blossom" over time



Question 18: What is the chief nursing concern with a cerebral
contusion?
Answer:
Neurological deterioration, reassess frequently
Early findings include confusion, drowsiness, irritability, Disorientation, H/A, N&V



Question 19: What is a intraparenchymal hemorrhage?
Answer:
It is bleeding within the brain tissue, cerebrum, cerebellum or brainstem. They are NOT routinely
or easily evacuated.



Question 20: What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Answer:
Usually a medical problem, not traumatic. Commonly caused by aneurysm rupture of AVM, often
at circle of Willis



Question 21: What are the earliest signs of neurological
deterioration?
Answer:
Altered LOC, drowsiness, confusion, disorientation, H/A, agitation, N&V



Question 22: What is Secondary Brain injury?
Answer: