CAMRT EXAM Questions with Correct Answers (Grade A+)
Question 1: How far away must the operator stand from the xray tube if not covered with lead?
Answer: 3 meters
Question 2: 90% of man made radiation to the population is related to?
Answer: Medical Radiography and Dental
Question 3: For each peak xray voltage, what lead equivalent is required? 100kV or less (o-100)
Between 101kV-149kV 150kV or greater (150+)
Answer: 0-100kV = 0.25mm of lead Greater than 100kV but less then 150kV = 0.35mm of lead 150kV or
greater = 0.50mm of lead
Question 4: What protective equipment is required during interventional procedures
Answer: Full wrap around protective gowns of 0.50mm pb in the front panels and 0.25mm pb in the back
panels Thyroid shields with an equivalent of 0.50mm of pb Lead drapes/curtains mounted to II of 0.25mm
of pb at 100kv
Question 5: What lead equivalent must protective gloves/ gauntlets possess?
Answer: 0.25mm of pb
Question 6: What lead equivalent must ceiling mounted lead screens and moveable shields provide?
Answer: 0.50mm of pb
Question 7: What are the annual radiation dose limits for radiation workers?
Answer: Whole body= 20mSv Lens of eye= 150mSv Skin = 500mSv Hands = 150mSv All other organs =
500mSv For pregnant women an effective dose of 4 mSv must be applied for the remainder of the
pregnancy from all sources
Question 8: What are the annual radiation dose limits to members of the public?
Answer: Whole body = 1mSv Lens of the eye= 15mSv Skin = 50mSv Hands = 50mSv All other organs =
50mSv *these also apply for students*
Question 9: What are primary protective barriers? Give examples
Answer: Primary barriers provide shielding from the direct xray beam. Such as, the walls and floor where
the tube can be directed -The wall behind the wall bucky -Floor under the table
Page 1
,Question 10: What are secondary barriers and give examples
Answer: Provide shielding against both leakage and scattered radiation. Walls that the primary beam is not
directed towards and the ceiling are secondary barriers. The control booth is also a secondary barrier, the
primary beam should never be directed towards it.
Question 11: What should the focal spot to skin distance be for: -Mobile equipment -Stationary
equipment -Radioscopic equipment
Answer: Must not be less than: -Mobile: 30cm -Stationary: 38cm -Radioscopic: 20cm (designed for special
procedures that would be impossible at 30cm or 38cm)
Question 12: What are the maximum air kerma rates for radioscopic equipment: -with automatic
intensity control -without AIC
Answer: Not equipped with AIC: 50mGy/min With AIC: 100mGy/min
Question 13: The air kerma rate must not exceed ___ from scattered radiation of radioscopic
equipment
Answer: 2 mGy/h
Question 14: HVL of Aluminum for given tube voltages? (70kV-150kV)
Answer: 70: 2.5mm 80: 2.9mm 90: 3.2mm 100: 3.6mm 110: 3.9mm 120: 4.3mm 130: 4.7mm 140: 5.0mm
150: 5.4mm
Question 15: How frequently should IP's and cassettes be cleaned and inspected?
Answer: Cleaned: monthly Visual inspection: Weekly
Question 16: What are daily QC tests for CR/DR/Fluoro/CT equipment
Answer: -Warm up (all) -Meter operation (all) -Equipment condition (all) -System movements (fluoro)
-Visual assessment of electronic display devices (all)
Question 17: What are weekly QC tests for CR/DR/Fluoro/CT equipment
Answer: - Visual inspection of cleanliness of system (all) -Laser film printer operation (all) -CT # accuracy
-CT noise -CT uniformity
Question 18: What are monthly QC tests for CR/DR/Fluoro/CT equipment
Answer: -Cassette, screen, IP plate cleaning (CR) -Retake analysis (CR/DR) -Electronic display device
performance (all) -Laser film printer operation (all) -CT slice thickness -CT # calibration -CT # linearity
Page 2
, Question 19: What should the monthly retake analysis be below?
Answer: 5%
Question 20: What are quarterly QC tests for CR/DR/Fluoro/CT
Answer: -Collimator operation (CR/DR/Fluoro) -Interlocks (all) (on doors to prevent exposure if door is
open) -Compression devices (Fluoro) -Table angling/motion (Fluoro) -Fluoro protection devices (lead
drapes = .25mm of pb) -CT patient support movement -CT spatial resolution -CT low contrast detectability
Question 21: What are the annual QC tests for CR/DR/Fluoro/CT
Answer: -Accuracy of loading factors (CR/DR/fluoro) -Output reproducibility -Output linearity -Beam
filtration -AEC -Beam/light field alignment - Beam collimation -Grid performance -EI -Dynamic Range
-Spatial resolution -Integrity of protective equipment
Question 22: Flexion/ Extension views of the C spine assess?
Answer: Anteroposterior mobility
Question 23: CR angle for an AP coccyx is
Answer: 10 degrees caudad
Question 24: What does ERCP stand for, what 2 things is it done for?
Answer: Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography 1. Diagnose biliary and pancreatic pathological
conditions 2. Investigate gallbladder, CBD, pancreatic ducts, and intervention
Question 25: Test tool used to test focal spot
Answer: Slit camera, pinhole camera, star pattern
Question 26: State the line focus principle
Answer: By angling the anode target the effective focal spot is made much smaller than the actual focal spot
Question 27: What are the effects of a smaller anode angle? (more vertical)
Answer: -Smaller effective focal spot -Better spatial resolution -More anode heel effect -Smaller max size
of collimation
Question 28: What is the grid ratio?
Answer: The height of the lead strips divided by the distance between lead strips Ratio = h/D
Page 3
Question 1: How far away must the operator stand from the xray tube if not covered with lead?
Answer: 3 meters
Question 2: 90% of man made radiation to the population is related to?
Answer: Medical Radiography and Dental
Question 3: For each peak xray voltage, what lead equivalent is required? 100kV or less (o-100)
Between 101kV-149kV 150kV or greater (150+)
Answer: 0-100kV = 0.25mm of lead Greater than 100kV but less then 150kV = 0.35mm of lead 150kV or
greater = 0.50mm of lead
Question 4: What protective equipment is required during interventional procedures
Answer: Full wrap around protective gowns of 0.50mm pb in the front panels and 0.25mm pb in the back
panels Thyroid shields with an equivalent of 0.50mm of pb Lead drapes/curtains mounted to II of 0.25mm
of pb at 100kv
Question 5: What lead equivalent must protective gloves/ gauntlets possess?
Answer: 0.25mm of pb
Question 6: What lead equivalent must ceiling mounted lead screens and moveable shields provide?
Answer: 0.50mm of pb
Question 7: What are the annual radiation dose limits for radiation workers?
Answer: Whole body= 20mSv Lens of eye= 150mSv Skin = 500mSv Hands = 150mSv All other organs =
500mSv For pregnant women an effective dose of 4 mSv must be applied for the remainder of the
pregnancy from all sources
Question 8: What are the annual radiation dose limits to members of the public?
Answer: Whole body = 1mSv Lens of the eye= 15mSv Skin = 50mSv Hands = 50mSv All other organs =
50mSv *these also apply for students*
Question 9: What are primary protective barriers? Give examples
Answer: Primary barriers provide shielding from the direct xray beam. Such as, the walls and floor where
the tube can be directed -The wall behind the wall bucky -Floor under the table
Page 1
,Question 10: What are secondary barriers and give examples
Answer: Provide shielding against both leakage and scattered radiation. Walls that the primary beam is not
directed towards and the ceiling are secondary barriers. The control booth is also a secondary barrier, the
primary beam should never be directed towards it.
Question 11: What should the focal spot to skin distance be for: -Mobile equipment -Stationary
equipment -Radioscopic equipment
Answer: Must not be less than: -Mobile: 30cm -Stationary: 38cm -Radioscopic: 20cm (designed for special
procedures that would be impossible at 30cm or 38cm)
Question 12: What are the maximum air kerma rates for radioscopic equipment: -with automatic
intensity control -without AIC
Answer: Not equipped with AIC: 50mGy/min With AIC: 100mGy/min
Question 13: The air kerma rate must not exceed ___ from scattered radiation of radioscopic
equipment
Answer: 2 mGy/h
Question 14: HVL of Aluminum for given tube voltages? (70kV-150kV)
Answer: 70: 2.5mm 80: 2.9mm 90: 3.2mm 100: 3.6mm 110: 3.9mm 120: 4.3mm 130: 4.7mm 140: 5.0mm
150: 5.4mm
Question 15: How frequently should IP's and cassettes be cleaned and inspected?
Answer: Cleaned: monthly Visual inspection: Weekly
Question 16: What are daily QC tests for CR/DR/Fluoro/CT equipment
Answer: -Warm up (all) -Meter operation (all) -Equipment condition (all) -System movements (fluoro)
-Visual assessment of electronic display devices (all)
Question 17: What are weekly QC tests for CR/DR/Fluoro/CT equipment
Answer: - Visual inspection of cleanliness of system (all) -Laser film printer operation (all) -CT # accuracy
-CT noise -CT uniformity
Question 18: What are monthly QC tests for CR/DR/Fluoro/CT equipment
Answer: -Cassette, screen, IP plate cleaning (CR) -Retake analysis (CR/DR) -Electronic display device
performance (all) -Laser film printer operation (all) -CT slice thickness -CT # calibration -CT # linearity
Page 2
, Question 19: What should the monthly retake analysis be below?
Answer: 5%
Question 20: What are quarterly QC tests for CR/DR/Fluoro/CT
Answer: -Collimator operation (CR/DR/Fluoro) -Interlocks (all) (on doors to prevent exposure if door is
open) -Compression devices (Fluoro) -Table angling/motion (Fluoro) -Fluoro protection devices (lead
drapes = .25mm of pb) -CT patient support movement -CT spatial resolution -CT low contrast detectability
Question 21: What are the annual QC tests for CR/DR/Fluoro/CT
Answer: -Accuracy of loading factors (CR/DR/fluoro) -Output reproducibility -Output linearity -Beam
filtration -AEC -Beam/light field alignment - Beam collimation -Grid performance -EI -Dynamic Range
-Spatial resolution -Integrity of protective equipment
Question 22: Flexion/ Extension views of the C spine assess?
Answer: Anteroposterior mobility
Question 23: CR angle for an AP coccyx is
Answer: 10 degrees caudad
Question 24: What does ERCP stand for, what 2 things is it done for?
Answer: Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography 1. Diagnose biliary and pancreatic pathological
conditions 2. Investigate gallbladder, CBD, pancreatic ducts, and intervention
Question 25: Test tool used to test focal spot
Answer: Slit camera, pinhole camera, star pattern
Question 26: State the line focus principle
Answer: By angling the anode target the effective focal spot is made much smaller than the actual focal spot
Question 27: What are the effects of a smaller anode angle? (more vertical)
Answer: -Smaller effective focal spot -Better spatial resolution -More anode heel effect -Smaller max size
of collimation
Question 28: What is the grid ratio?
Answer: The height of the lead strips divided by the distance between lead strips Ratio = h/D
Page 3
