NUR 2210 EXAMS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS /GRADED A+
1. During the advanced stages of cystic fibrosis, the anatomic alterations
cause the patient to have primarily a/an __________________ disease
changes. - ANSWER-Patients with advanced cystic fibrosis primarily
have obstructive lung disease changes. pg 0243
2. What bacteria is cultured from the mucus in the tracheobronchial tree
of a patient with cystic fibrosis? Out of those which are the most
commonly ones found? - ANSWER-The bacteria P. aeruginosa, H.
influenza, and S. aureus are commonly found in the mucus of patients
with cystic fibrosis. Some gram-negative bacteria are also commonly
associated with CF, such as Stentrophomonas maltophilia and
Burkholderia cepacia.
3. What is the gold standard in CF diagnosis? - ANSWER-sweat test.
4. What agents target the underlying cause of CF, the faulty gene G551D,
and its defective CFTR protein? - ANSWER-Ivacafor
5. What is the leading cause of death for a patient with cystic fibrosis? -
ANSWER-Respiratory failure
6. With regard to the secretion of Na+ and Cl-, the sweat glands of
patients w/ CF secrete up to: - ANSWER-4 times the normal amount
7. The major pathologic or structural changes associated with cystic
fibrosis include: - ANSWER-Pg 2441. excessive production and
accumulation of thick, tenacious mucus in the tracheobronchial tree
secondary to inadequate hydration of the periciliary fluid layer2. partial
broncial obstrucion (mucus plugging)3. hyperinflation of the alveoli4.
, total broncial obstruction (mucus plugging)5. atelectasis6.
bronchiectasis (see ch 16)
8. How can the genetic mutation found with CF be characterized? -
ANSWER-There are many variations in the genetic mutation that causes
CF, the most common childhood inherited disorder. The defective CF
gene is recessive, not dominant. It causes the dehydration of
secretions. The cilia are normal.
9. What other clinical indicators could a CF patient have when screeing
and diagnosing them? - ANSWER-Refer to box 15.1 and 15.2Wheezing,
meconium ileus, malnutrition, etc.
10. What glands does cystic fibrosis affect? - ANSWER-Endocrine
11. A neonate is born and has passed its meconium "plug" The
meconium for a cystic fibrosis patient is _____________ viscous than
normal. - ANSWER-more
12. Men with cystic fibrosis have difficulty reproducing because the: -
ANSWER-Men with cystic fibrosis are usually infertile because the vas
deferens is missing or underdeveloped.
13. Are all newborns in the US are screened for cystic fibrosis using
the sweat chloride test? - ANSWER-no
14. A sweat chloride test is done on an infant. The results are 72
mmol/L. This signifies: - ANSWER-CF is likely.
15. A couple is considering having children. She is genetically tested
and finds that she is a carrier for the CF gene. What should the
, healthcare provider recommend? - ANSWER-Suggest that the father be
tested as well.
16. If both the mother and the father are carriers for the cystic
fibrosis gene, what are the chances that their child will be a cystic
fibrosis carrier? - ANSWER-As shown in Fig. 15.2, if this couple had four
children, the odds are that one would have cystic fibrosis (one in four
chance, 25%), two would be carriers (two in four chance, 50%), and
one would not be a carrier (one in four chance, 25%).
17. Which ethnic group has the greatest number of people with
cystic fibrosis? - ANSWER-Although cystic fibrosis is a rare disease in all
ethnic groups, Caucasians have the greatest risk for having cystic
fibrosis.
18. What diagnostic tools/testing, signs or symptoms are used to
diagnose a patient with Cystic Fibrosis? - ANSWER-Newborn
screeningAn elevated chloride level in the sweat. Genetic testing of the
parentsNasal Potential DifferenceStool Fecal Fat TestAn elevated blood
level of immunoreactive trypsin
19. About 80% of all patiens with CF demonstrate a deficiency in
what vitamins? - ANSWER-A,D,E,K
20. What is commonly used in the management of CF? - ANSWER-
Pancreatic enzymes and vitaminsAntibioticsPostural
drainagePulmonary RehabSupplemental multivitaminsSodium
supplements or heavily salting their foodO2 therapyAirway Clearance
TherapyAerosolized Med Protocol Pulmozyme
21. A patient has a lung infection with Pseudomonas. aeruginosa.
What antibiotic should you administer via nebulizer against it? -
ANSWER-The antibiotic tobramycin (TOBI) is used against P.
aeruginosa. The other drugs are used in a variety of situations.
, 22. A cystic fibrosis patient in generally good condition may be a
candidate for which of the following? - ANSWER-pg 254Although a lung
transplantation is still a relatively rare procedure, it does provide the
recipient with normal lungs.
23. Common chest assessment findings in a patient with cystic
fibrosis include: - ANSWER-Because of secretions, breath sounds will
reveal crackles and rhonchi. Air trapping will result in a hyperresonant
percussion note. decreased or incrased tactile and vocal fremitus,
diminished heart and breath sounds, broncial brath sounds (over
atelectasis)
24. What complicating pulmonary problem is likely to happen to a
patient with cystic fibrosis? - ANSWER-About 20% of patients with
cystic fibrosis will develop a spontaneous pneumothorax. When a
patient with CF has a pneumo, there is about a 50% chance that it will
recur. The RT must be alert for the signs and symptoms of this
complication. Precipitating factors included adavanced lung disease,
excessive exertion, high altitude, and pp breathing.
25. What pulmonary function findings would be expected in a patient
with moderate to severe cystic fibrosis? - ANSWER-Because of the
obstructive lung problems associated with cystic fibrosis, the FVC will
be decreased, Obstruction will lead to all expiratory flows being low. Air
trapping will cause the RV to be increased.
26. What may be recommended to reduce bronchial inflammation in
a 10-year-old child with cystic fibrosis? - ANSWER-High-dose ibuprofen
is recommended in children and young adolescents with mild CF who
have good lung function (an FEV1 > 60% predicted) and no
contraindications (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding or renal impairment).
Ibuprofen has been shown to reduce bronchial inflammation without
hindering bacterial clearance—resulting in the decline of the patient's
FEV1 per year—with no remarkable side effects except painless
ANSWERS /GRADED A+
1. During the advanced stages of cystic fibrosis, the anatomic alterations
cause the patient to have primarily a/an __________________ disease
changes. - ANSWER-Patients with advanced cystic fibrosis primarily
have obstructive lung disease changes. pg 0243
2. What bacteria is cultured from the mucus in the tracheobronchial tree
of a patient with cystic fibrosis? Out of those which are the most
commonly ones found? - ANSWER-The bacteria P. aeruginosa, H.
influenza, and S. aureus are commonly found in the mucus of patients
with cystic fibrosis. Some gram-negative bacteria are also commonly
associated with CF, such as Stentrophomonas maltophilia and
Burkholderia cepacia.
3. What is the gold standard in CF diagnosis? - ANSWER-sweat test.
4. What agents target the underlying cause of CF, the faulty gene G551D,
and its defective CFTR protein? - ANSWER-Ivacafor
5. What is the leading cause of death for a patient with cystic fibrosis? -
ANSWER-Respiratory failure
6. With regard to the secretion of Na+ and Cl-, the sweat glands of
patients w/ CF secrete up to: - ANSWER-4 times the normal amount
7. The major pathologic or structural changes associated with cystic
fibrosis include: - ANSWER-Pg 2441. excessive production and
accumulation of thick, tenacious mucus in the tracheobronchial tree
secondary to inadequate hydration of the periciliary fluid layer2. partial
broncial obstrucion (mucus plugging)3. hyperinflation of the alveoli4.
, total broncial obstruction (mucus plugging)5. atelectasis6.
bronchiectasis (see ch 16)
8. How can the genetic mutation found with CF be characterized? -
ANSWER-There are many variations in the genetic mutation that causes
CF, the most common childhood inherited disorder. The defective CF
gene is recessive, not dominant. It causes the dehydration of
secretions. The cilia are normal.
9. What other clinical indicators could a CF patient have when screeing
and diagnosing them? - ANSWER-Refer to box 15.1 and 15.2Wheezing,
meconium ileus, malnutrition, etc.
10. What glands does cystic fibrosis affect? - ANSWER-Endocrine
11. A neonate is born and has passed its meconium "plug" The
meconium for a cystic fibrosis patient is _____________ viscous than
normal. - ANSWER-more
12. Men with cystic fibrosis have difficulty reproducing because the: -
ANSWER-Men with cystic fibrosis are usually infertile because the vas
deferens is missing or underdeveloped.
13. Are all newborns in the US are screened for cystic fibrosis using
the sweat chloride test? - ANSWER-no
14. A sweat chloride test is done on an infant. The results are 72
mmol/L. This signifies: - ANSWER-CF is likely.
15. A couple is considering having children. She is genetically tested
and finds that she is a carrier for the CF gene. What should the
, healthcare provider recommend? - ANSWER-Suggest that the father be
tested as well.
16. If both the mother and the father are carriers for the cystic
fibrosis gene, what are the chances that their child will be a cystic
fibrosis carrier? - ANSWER-As shown in Fig. 15.2, if this couple had four
children, the odds are that one would have cystic fibrosis (one in four
chance, 25%), two would be carriers (two in four chance, 50%), and
one would not be a carrier (one in four chance, 25%).
17. Which ethnic group has the greatest number of people with
cystic fibrosis? - ANSWER-Although cystic fibrosis is a rare disease in all
ethnic groups, Caucasians have the greatest risk for having cystic
fibrosis.
18. What diagnostic tools/testing, signs or symptoms are used to
diagnose a patient with Cystic Fibrosis? - ANSWER-Newborn
screeningAn elevated chloride level in the sweat. Genetic testing of the
parentsNasal Potential DifferenceStool Fecal Fat TestAn elevated blood
level of immunoreactive trypsin
19. About 80% of all patiens with CF demonstrate a deficiency in
what vitamins? - ANSWER-A,D,E,K
20. What is commonly used in the management of CF? - ANSWER-
Pancreatic enzymes and vitaminsAntibioticsPostural
drainagePulmonary RehabSupplemental multivitaminsSodium
supplements or heavily salting their foodO2 therapyAirway Clearance
TherapyAerosolized Med Protocol Pulmozyme
21. A patient has a lung infection with Pseudomonas. aeruginosa.
What antibiotic should you administer via nebulizer against it? -
ANSWER-The antibiotic tobramycin (TOBI) is used against P.
aeruginosa. The other drugs are used in a variety of situations.
, 22. A cystic fibrosis patient in generally good condition may be a
candidate for which of the following? - ANSWER-pg 254Although a lung
transplantation is still a relatively rare procedure, it does provide the
recipient with normal lungs.
23. Common chest assessment findings in a patient with cystic
fibrosis include: - ANSWER-Because of secretions, breath sounds will
reveal crackles and rhonchi. Air trapping will result in a hyperresonant
percussion note. decreased or incrased tactile and vocal fremitus,
diminished heart and breath sounds, broncial brath sounds (over
atelectasis)
24. What complicating pulmonary problem is likely to happen to a
patient with cystic fibrosis? - ANSWER-About 20% of patients with
cystic fibrosis will develop a spontaneous pneumothorax. When a
patient with CF has a pneumo, there is about a 50% chance that it will
recur. The RT must be alert for the signs and symptoms of this
complication. Precipitating factors included adavanced lung disease,
excessive exertion, high altitude, and pp breathing.
25. What pulmonary function findings would be expected in a patient
with moderate to severe cystic fibrosis? - ANSWER-Because of the
obstructive lung problems associated with cystic fibrosis, the FVC will
be decreased, Obstruction will lead to all expiratory flows being low. Air
trapping will cause the RV to be increased.
26. What may be recommended to reduce bronchial inflammation in
a 10-year-old child with cystic fibrosis? - ANSWER-High-dose ibuprofen
is recommended in children and young adolescents with mild CF who
have good lung function (an FEV1 > 60% predicted) and no
contraindications (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding or renal impairment).
Ibuprofen has been shown to reduce bronchial inflammation without
hindering bacterial clearance—resulting in the decline of the patient's
FEV1 per year—with no remarkable side effects except painless
