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URINALYSIS & BODY FLUIDS EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
LATEST EDITION 2026
Urinalysis & Body Fluids — Questions
Chapter 1: Urine Specimen Collection and Handling
1. What is the preferred specimen for routine urinalysis?
A) First morning void
B) Random specimen
C) 24-hour collection
D) Catheterized specimen
Answer: A
Rationale: First morning void is the preferred specimen because it is most concentrated and
allows detection of abnormal constituents that may not be present in dilute random samples.
2. What is the recommended volume for routine urinalysis?
A) 5 mL
B) 10 mL
C) 15 mL
D) 50 mL
Answer: B
Rationale: A minimum of 10 mL is recommended for routine urinalysis.
3. What is the maximum time a urine specimen should be tested at room temperature?
A) 30 minutes
B) 1 hour
C) 2 hours
D) 4 hours
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Answer: C
Rationale: Urine should be tested within 2 hours of collection at room temperature to prevent
bacterial overgrowth and analyte degradation.
4. What is the recommended preservation method for a 24-hour urine collection?
A) Refrigeration
B) Chemical preservative
C) Both A and B
D) No preservation needed
Answer: C
Rationale: Refrigeration and/or chemical preservatives are used for 24-hour urine collections.
5. Which preservative is used for 24-hour urine glucose testing?
A) Sodium fluoride
B) Hydrochloric acid
C) Boric acid
D) Formalin
Answer: A
Rationale: Sodium fluoride inhibits glycolysis, preserving glucose in 24-hour urine collections.
6. Which preservative is used for 24-hour urine catecholamine testing?
A) Hydrochloric acid
B) Sodium fluoride
C) Boric acid
D) Formalin
Answer: A
Rationale: Hydrochloric acid preserves catecholamines in 24-hour urine collections.
7. Which preservative is used for 24-hour urine protein testing?
A) Boric acid
B) Hydrochloric acid
C) Sodium fluoride
D) Formalin
Answer: A
Rationale: Boric acid is used for 24-hour urine protein testing.
8. What is the purpose of a clean-catch midstream urine specimen?
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A) Minimizes contamination from normal flora
B) Maximizes contamination from normal flora
C) Preserves urine analytes
D) Concentrates urine
Answer: A
Rationale: Clean-catch midstream collection minimizes contamination from normal flora.
9. What is the purpose of a catheterized urine specimen?
A) Obtains sterile urine for culture
B) Obtains contaminated urine
C) Preserves urine analytes
D) Concentrates urine
Answer: A
Rationale: Catheterized specimens are used to obtain sterile urine for culture.
10. What is the purpose of a suprapubic aspiration?
A) Obtains sterile urine for culture
B) Obtains contaminated urine
C) Preserves urine analytes
D) Concentrates urine
Answer: A
Rationale: Suprapubic aspiration obtains sterile urine for culture.
11. What is the effect of delayed testing on urine pH?
A) Increases pH due to bacterial overgrowth
B) Decreases pH due to bacterial overgrowth
C) No effect on pH
D) Variable effect
Answer: A
Rationale: Delayed testing causes bacterial overgrowth, which produces ammonia and increases
pH.
12. What is the effect of delayed testing on urine glucose?
A) Decreases glucose due to bacterial consumption
B) Increases glucose due to bacterial production
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C) No effect on glucose
D) Variable effect
Answer: A
Rationale: Delayed testing causes bacterial consumption of glucose, decreasing glucose levels.
13. What is the effect of delayed testing on urine ketones?
A) Decreases ketones due to bacterial consumption
B) Increases ketones due to bacterial production
C) No effect on ketones
D) Variable effect
Answer: A
Rationale: Delayed testing causes bacterial consumption of ketones, decreasing ketone levels.
14. What is the effect of delayed testing on urine bilirubin?
A) Decreases bilirubin due to light exposure
B) Increases bilirubin due to bacterial production
C) No effect on bilirubin
D) Variable effect
Answer: A
Rationale: Delayed testing and light exposure cause bilirubin degradation, decreasing levels.
15. What is the effect of delayed testing on urine red blood cells?
A) Decreases red blood cells due to lysis
B) Increases red blood cells due to bacterial production
C) No effect on red blood cells
D) Variable effect
Answer: A
Rationale: Delayed testing causes red blood cell lysis, decreasing red blood cell counts.
16. What is the effect of delayed testing on urine casts?
A) Decreases casts due to degradation
B) Increases casts due to bacterial production
C) No effect on casts
D) Variable effect
Answer: A
Rationale: Delayed testing causes cast degradation, especially in dilute or alkaline urine.
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URINALYSIS & BODY FLUIDS EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
LATEST EDITION 2026
Urinalysis & Body Fluids — Questions
Chapter 1: Urine Specimen Collection and Handling
1. What is the preferred specimen for routine urinalysis?
A) First morning void
B) Random specimen
C) 24-hour collection
D) Catheterized specimen
Answer: A
Rationale: First morning void is the preferred specimen because it is most concentrated and
allows detection of abnormal constituents that may not be present in dilute random samples.
2. What is the recommended volume for routine urinalysis?
A) 5 mL
B) 10 mL
C) 15 mL
D) 50 mL
Answer: B
Rationale: A minimum of 10 mL is recommended for routine urinalysis.
3. What is the maximum time a urine specimen should be tested at room temperature?
A) 30 minutes
B) 1 hour
C) 2 hours
D) 4 hours
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,Page 2 of 46
Answer: C
Rationale: Urine should be tested within 2 hours of collection at room temperature to prevent
bacterial overgrowth and analyte degradation.
4. What is the recommended preservation method for a 24-hour urine collection?
A) Refrigeration
B) Chemical preservative
C) Both A and B
D) No preservation needed
Answer: C
Rationale: Refrigeration and/or chemical preservatives are used for 24-hour urine collections.
5. Which preservative is used for 24-hour urine glucose testing?
A) Sodium fluoride
B) Hydrochloric acid
C) Boric acid
D) Formalin
Answer: A
Rationale: Sodium fluoride inhibits glycolysis, preserving glucose in 24-hour urine collections.
6. Which preservative is used for 24-hour urine catecholamine testing?
A) Hydrochloric acid
B) Sodium fluoride
C) Boric acid
D) Formalin
Answer: A
Rationale: Hydrochloric acid preserves catecholamines in 24-hour urine collections.
7. Which preservative is used for 24-hour urine protein testing?
A) Boric acid
B) Hydrochloric acid
C) Sodium fluoride
D) Formalin
Answer: A
Rationale: Boric acid is used for 24-hour urine protein testing.
8. What is the purpose of a clean-catch midstream urine specimen?
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A) Minimizes contamination from normal flora
B) Maximizes contamination from normal flora
C) Preserves urine analytes
D) Concentrates urine
Answer: A
Rationale: Clean-catch midstream collection minimizes contamination from normal flora.
9. What is the purpose of a catheterized urine specimen?
A) Obtains sterile urine for culture
B) Obtains contaminated urine
C) Preserves urine analytes
D) Concentrates urine
Answer: A
Rationale: Catheterized specimens are used to obtain sterile urine for culture.
10. What is the purpose of a suprapubic aspiration?
A) Obtains sterile urine for culture
B) Obtains contaminated urine
C) Preserves urine analytes
D) Concentrates urine
Answer: A
Rationale: Suprapubic aspiration obtains sterile urine for culture.
11. What is the effect of delayed testing on urine pH?
A) Increases pH due to bacterial overgrowth
B) Decreases pH due to bacterial overgrowth
C) No effect on pH
D) Variable effect
Answer: A
Rationale: Delayed testing causes bacterial overgrowth, which produces ammonia and increases
pH.
12. What is the effect of delayed testing on urine glucose?
A) Decreases glucose due to bacterial consumption
B) Increases glucose due to bacterial production
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C) No effect on glucose
D) Variable effect
Answer: A
Rationale: Delayed testing causes bacterial consumption of glucose, decreasing glucose levels.
13. What is the effect of delayed testing on urine ketones?
A) Decreases ketones due to bacterial consumption
B) Increases ketones due to bacterial production
C) No effect on ketones
D) Variable effect
Answer: A
Rationale: Delayed testing causes bacterial consumption of ketones, decreasing ketone levels.
14. What is the effect of delayed testing on urine bilirubin?
A) Decreases bilirubin due to light exposure
B) Increases bilirubin due to bacterial production
C) No effect on bilirubin
D) Variable effect
Answer: A
Rationale: Delayed testing and light exposure cause bilirubin degradation, decreasing levels.
15. What is the effect of delayed testing on urine red blood cells?
A) Decreases red blood cells due to lysis
B) Increases red blood cells due to bacterial production
C) No effect on red blood cells
D) Variable effect
Answer: A
Rationale: Delayed testing causes red blood cell lysis, decreasing red blood cell counts.
16. What is the effect of delayed testing on urine casts?
A) Decreases casts due to degradation
B) Increases casts due to bacterial production
C) No effect on casts
D) Variable effect
Answer: A
Rationale: Delayed testing causes cast degradation, especially in dilute or alkaline urine.
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