• HESI MED SURG 09/14/2026
EXAM
EVOLVE ELSEVIER HESI MED SURG LATEST 2025/
2026 TEST BANK| COMPLETE 350 REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
WELL-ELABORATED RATIONALES/ GRADED A+|
EVOLVE HESI MEDICAL SURGICAL LATEST EXAM
(BRAND NEW!!)
A client is admitted to the hospital with a medical diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. The nurse knows that
the prognosis for gram-negative pneumonias (such as E. coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Proteus) is very
poor. Which information relates most directly to the prognosis for gram-negative pneumonias?
P 1
, • HESI MED SURG 09/14/2026
EXAM
The gram-negative infections occur in the lower lobe alveoli which are more sensitive to infection.
Gram-negative organisms are more resistant to antibiotic therapy.
Usually occur in healthy young adults who have recently been debilitated by an upper respiratory infection.
Gram-negative pneumonias usually affect infants and small children. –
Correct Answer :Gram-negative organisms are more resistant to antibiotic therapy.
Gram-negative organisms are very resistant to drug therapy which makes recovery difficult. Antibiotic resistance
has become a world-wide concern and the World Health Organization is keeping a very close surveillance on
these occurrences.
During CPR, when attempting to ventilate a client's lungs, the nurse notes that the chest is not moving. Which
action should the nurse take first?
Use a laryngoscope to check for a foreign body lodged in the esophagus.
Reposition the head to validate that the head is in the proper position to open the airway
Turn the client to the side and administer three back blows.
Perform a finger sweep of the mouth to remove any vomitus. - Correct Answer :Reposition the head to validate
that the head is in the proper position to open the airway
The most frequent cause of inadequate aeration of the client's lungs during CPR is the improper positioning of
the head resulting in occlusion of the airway. The nurse should reposition the client's head and attempt to
ventilate again, looking for the rise and fall of the chest.
A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of severe acute diverticulitis. Which assessment finding
should the nurse expect this client to exhibit?
Lower left quadrant pain and a low-grade fever.
Severe pain at McBurney's point and nausea.
Abdominal pain and intermittent tenesmus.
P 2
, • HESI MED SURG 09/14/2026
EXAM
Exacerbations of severe diarrhea. - Correct Answer :Lower left quadrant pain and a low-grade fever.
Left lower quadrant pain occurs with diverticulitis because the sigmoid colon is the most common area for
diverticula, and the inflammation of diverticula causes a low-grade fever.
The nurse is assessing a client's laboratory values following administration of chemotherapy. Which lab value
leads the nurse to suspect that the client is experiencing tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)?
Serum PTT of 10 seconds.
Serum calcium of 5 mg/dL.
Oxygen saturation of 90%.
Hemoglobin of 10 g/dL. - Correct Answer :Serum calcium of 5 mg/dL.
Tumor lysis symdrome (TLS) results in hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hyperuricemia, and hyperphosphatemia. A
serum calcium level of 5, which is low, is an indicator of possible tumor lysis syndrome.
The registered nurse (RN) assesses arterial blood gas results of a client that has emphysema. Which finding is
consistent with respiratory acidosis?
pH 7.32, pCO 2 46 mmHg, HCO 3 24 MEq/L.
pH 7.45 , pCO 2 37 mmHg, HCO 3 24 mEq/L.
pH 7.34, pCO 2 36 mmHg, HCO 3 21 mEq/L.
pH 7.46, pCO 2 35 mmHg, HCO 3 28 mEq/L. - Correct Answer :pH 7.32, pCO 2 46 mmHg, HCO 3 24 MEq/L.
Normal ABG ranges are pH 7.35 to 7.45; pCO2 35 to 45 mmHg; HCO3 21 to 28 mEq/L, and pO2 80 to 100 mmHg.
An ABG of pH 7.32, pCO2 46 mmHg, HCO3 24 MEq/L represents a client with respiratory acidosis which is
characterized by: low pH, pCO2 higher than normal, and HCO3 within normal limits.
The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with primary hyperaldosteronism. Which laboratory test
result should the nurse expect an increase in the serum level?
P 3
, • HESI MED SURG 09/14/2026
EXAM
Sodium
Antidiuretic hormone.
Potassium.
Glucose. - Correct Answer :Sodium
Clients with primary aldosteronism exhibit an increase in serum sodium levels (hypernatremia) and have
profound decline in the serum levels of potassium (hypokalemia)--hypertension is the most prominent and
universal sign. Antidiuretic hormone is decreased with diabetes insipidus. Glucose is not affected by primary
aldosteronism.
Which condition should the nurse suspect when a client reports vaginal dryness during intercourse?
Obstructed Bartholin's glands
Hyperactive sebaceous glands.
Infected bulbourethral glands.
Strangulated prostate gland. - Correct Answer :Obstructed Bartholin's glands
Bartholin's glands are located posteriorly on each side of the vaginal opening; they secrete lubrication fluid
during sexual excitement. The nurse should suspect obstructed Bartholin's glands when a client reports vaginal
dryness during intercourse.
Ignatavicius, (2016). Medical-surgical nursing: Patient-centered collaborative care, eight edition., Ch. 69, p. 1450.
A client is admitted to the emergency department after falling from a high roof. Which finding should the nurse
report immediately?
Clear, watery drainage from the ear.
Dried blood around the ear and neck.
Tenderness on palpation of the ear.
P 4
EXAM
EVOLVE ELSEVIER HESI MED SURG LATEST 2025/
2026 TEST BANK| COMPLETE 350 REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
WELL-ELABORATED RATIONALES/ GRADED A+|
EVOLVE HESI MEDICAL SURGICAL LATEST EXAM
(BRAND NEW!!)
A client is admitted to the hospital with a medical diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. The nurse knows that
the prognosis for gram-negative pneumonias (such as E. coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Proteus) is very
poor. Which information relates most directly to the prognosis for gram-negative pneumonias?
P 1
, • HESI MED SURG 09/14/2026
EXAM
The gram-negative infections occur in the lower lobe alveoli which are more sensitive to infection.
Gram-negative organisms are more resistant to antibiotic therapy.
Usually occur in healthy young adults who have recently been debilitated by an upper respiratory infection.
Gram-negative pneumonias usually affect infants and small children. –
Correct Answer :Gram-negative organisms are more resistant to antibiotic therapy.
Gram-negative organisms are very resistant to drug therapy which makes recovery difficult. Antibiotic resistance
has become a world-wide concern and the World Health Organization is keeping a very close surveillance on
these occurrences.
During CPR, when attempting to ventilate a client's lungs, the nurse notes that the chest is not moving. Which
action should the nurse take first?
Use a laryngoscope to check for a foreign body lodged in the esophagus.
Reposition the head to validate that the head is in the proper position to open the airway
Turn the client to the side and administer three back blows.
Perform a finger sweep of the mouth to remove any vomitus. - Correct Answer :Reposition the head to validate
that the head is in the proper position to open the airway
The most frequent cause of inadequate aeration of the client's lungs during CPR is the improper positioning of
the head resulting in occlusion of the airway. The nurse should reposition the client's head and attempt to
ventilate again, looking for the rise and fall of the chest.
A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of severe acute diverticulitis. Which assessment finding
should the nurse expect this client to exhibit?
Lower left quadrant pain and a low-grade fever.
Severe pain at McBurney's point and nausea.
Abdominal pain and intermittent tenesmus.
P 2
, • HESI MED SURG 09/14/2026
EXAM
Exacerbations of severe diarrhea. - Correct Answer :Lower left quadrant pain and a low-grade fever.
Left lower quadrant pain occurs with diverticulitis because the sigmoid colon is the most common area for
diverticula, and the inflammation of diverticula causes a low-grade fever.
The nurse is assessing a client's laboratory values following administration of chemotherapy. Which lab value
leads the nurse to suspect that the client is experiencing tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)?
Serum PTT of 10 seconds.
Serum calcium of 5 mg/dL.
Oxygen saturation of 90%.
Hemoglobin of 10 g/dL. - Correct Answer :Serum calcium of 5 mg/dL.
Tumor lysis symdrome (TLS) results in hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hyperuricemia, and hyperphosphatemia. A
serum calcium level of 5, which is low, is an indicator of possible tumor lysis syndrome.
The registered nurse (RN) assesses arterial blood gas results of a client that has emphysema. Which finding is
consistent with respiratory acidosis?
pH 7.32, pCO 2 46 mmHg, HCO 3 24 MEq/L.
pH 7.45 , pCO 2 37 mmHg, HCO 3 24 mEq/L.
pH 7.34, pCO 2 36 mmHg, HCO 3 21 mEq/L.
pH 7.46, pCO 2 35 mmHg, HCO 3 28 mEq/L. - Correct Answer :pH 7.32, pCO 2 46 mmHg, HCO 3 24 MEq/L.
Normal ABG ranges are pH 7.35 to 7.45; pCO2 35 to 45 mmHg; HCO3 21 to 28 mEq/L, and pO2 80 to 100 mmHg.
An ABG of pH 7.32, pCO2 46 mmHg, HCO3 24 MEq/L represents a client with respiratory acidosis which is
characterized by: low pH, pCO2 higher than normal, and HCO3 within normal limits.
The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with primary hyperaldosteronism. Which laboratory test
result should the nurse expect an increase in the serum level?
P 3
, • HESI MED SURG 09/14/2026
EXAM
Sodium
Antidiuretic hormone.
Potassium.
Glucose. - Correct Answer :Sodium
Clients with primary aldosteronism exhibit an increase in serum sodium levels (hypernatremia) and have
profound decline in the serum levels of potassium (hypokalemia)--hypertension is the most prominent and
universal sign. Antidiuretic hormone is decreased with diabetes insipidus. Glucose is not affected by primary
aldosteronism.
Which condition should the nurse suspect when a client reports vaginal dryness during intercourse?
Obstructed Bartholin's glands
Hyperactive sebaceous glands.
Infected bulbourethral glands.
Strangulated prostate gland. - Correct Answer :Obstructed Bartholin's glands
Bartholin's glands are located posteriorly on each side of the vaginal opening; they secrete lubrication fluid
during sexual excitement. The nurse should suspect obstructed Bartholin's glands when a client reports vaginal
dryness during intercourse.
Ignatavicius, (2016). Medical-surgical nursing: Patient-centered collaborative care, eight edition., Ch. 69, p. 1450.
A client is admitted to the emergency department after falling from a high roof. Which finding should the nurse
report immediately?
Clear, watery drainage from the ear.
Dried blood around the ear and neck.
Tenderness on palpation of the ear.
P 4
