• RN VATI Adult
Medical Surgical 09/14/2026
EXAM
RN VATI Adult Medical Surgical Assessment
Exam 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+. 100% Verified Solutions | Updated
Per Latest Guidelines | Graded A+
A 55-year-old male client has been admitted to the hospital with a medical diagnosis of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD). Which risk factor is the most significant in the development of this client's COPD?
A.
The client's father was diagnosed with COPD in his 50s.
B.
A close family member contracted tuberculosis last year.
C.
P 1
, • RN VATI Adult
Medical Surgical 09/14/2026
EXAM
The client smokes one to two packs of cigarettes per day.
D.
The client has been 40 pounds overweight for 15 years. - Correct Answer :C
Rationale:Smoking, considered to be a modifiable risk factor, is the most significant risk factor for the
development of COPD. The exact mechanism of genetic and hereditary implications for the development of
COPD is still under investigation, although exposure to similar predisposing factors (e.g., smoking or inhaling
secondhand smoke) may increase the likelihood of COPD incidence among family members. Options B and D do
not exceed the risks associated with cigarette smoking in the development of COPD.
In assessing a client diagnosed with primary aldosteronism, the nurse expects the laboratory test results to
indicate a decreased serum level of which substance?
A.
Sodium
B.
Phosphate
C.
Potassium
D.
Glucose - Correct Answer :C
Rationale:Clients with primary aldosteronism exhibit a profound decline in serum levels of potassium;
hypokalemia; hypertension is the most prominent and universal sign. The serum sodium level is normal or
elevated, depending on the amount of water resorbed with the sodium. Option B is influenced by parathyroid
hormone (PTH). Option D is not affected by primary aldosteronism.
The nurse is completing an admission interview for a client with Parkinson disease. Which question will provide
additional information about manifestations that the client is likely to experience?
A.
"Have you ever experienced any paralysis of your arms or legs?"
B.
P 2
, • RN VATI Adult
Medical Surgical 09/14/2026
EXAM
"Do you have frequent blackout spells?"
C.
"Have you ever been frozen in one spot, unable to move?"
D.
"Do you have headaches, especially ones with throbbing pain?" - Correct Answer :C
Rationale:Clients with Parkinson disease frequently experience difficulty in initiating, maintaining, and performing
motor activities. They may even experience being rooted to the spot and unable to move. Parkinson disease
does not typically cause option A, B, or D.
Client census is often used to determine staffing needs. Which method of obtaining census determination for a
particular unit provides the best formula for determining long-range staffing patterns?
A.
Midnight census
B.
Oncoming shift census
C.
Average daily census
D.
Hourly census - Correct Answer :C
Rationale:An average daily census is determined by trend data and takes into account seasonal and daily
fluctuations, so it is the best method for determining staffing needs. Options A and B provide data at a certain
point in time, and that data could change quickly. It is unrealistic to expect to obtain an hourly census, and such
data would only provide information about a certain point in time.
A male client has just undergone a laryngectomy and has a cuffed tracheostomy tube in place. When initiating
bolus tube feedings postoperatively, when should the nurse inflate the cuff?
A.
Immediately after feeding
B.
P 3
, • RN VATI Adult
Medical Surgical 09/14/2026
EXAM
Just prior to tube feeding
C.
Continuous inflation is required
D.
Inflation is not required - Correct Answer :B
Rationale:The cuff should be inflated before the feeding to block the trachea and prevent food from entering if
oral feedings are started while a cuffed tracheostomy tube is in place. It should remain inflated throughout the
feeding to prevent aspiration of food into the respiratory system. Options A and D place the client at risk for
aspiration. Option C places the client at risk for tracheal wall necrosis.
A client with a nasogastric tube attached to low suction states that she is nauseated. The nurse assesses that
there has been no drainage through the nasogastric tube in the last 2 hours. Which action should the nurse take
first?
A.
Irrigate the nasogastric tube with sterile normal saline.
B.
Reposition the client on her side.
C.
Advance the nasogastric tube 5 cm.
D.
Administer an intravenous antiemetic as prescribed. - Correct Answer :B
Rationale:The immediate priority is to determine if the tube is functioning correctly, which would then relieve the
client's nausea. The least invasive intervention, repositioning the client, should be attempted first, followed by
options A and C, unless either of these interventions is contraindicated. If these measures are unsuccessful, the
client may require option D.
The nurse is conducting an osteoporosis screening clinic at a health fair. What information should the nurse
provide to individuals who are at risk for osteoporosis? (Select all that apply.)
A.
P 4
Medical Surgical 09/14/2026
EXAM
RN VATI Adult Medical Surgical Assessment
Exam 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+. 100% Verified Solutions | Updated
Per Latest Guidelines | Graded A+
A 55-year-old male client has been admitted to the hospital with a medical diagnosis of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD). Which risk factor is the most significant in the development of this client's COPD?
A.
The client's father was diagnosed with COPD in his 50s.
B.
A close family member contracted tuberculosis last year.
C.
P 1
, • RN VATI Adult
Medical Surgical 09/14/2026
EXAM
The client smokes one to two packs of cigarettes per day.
D.
The client has been 40 pounds overweight for 15 years. - Correct Answer :C
Rationale:Smoking, considered to be a modifiable risk factor, is the most significant risk factor for the
development of COPD. The exact mechanism of genetic and hereditary implications for the development of
COPD is still under investigation, although exposure to similar predisposing factors (e.g., smoking or inhaling
secondhand smoke) may increase the likelihood of COPD incidence among family members. Options B and D do
not exceed the risks associated with cigarette smoking in the development of COPD.
In assessing a client diagnosed with primary aldosteronism, the nurse expects the laboratory test results to
indicate a decreased serum level of which substance?
A.
Sodium
B.
Phosphate
C.
Potassium
D.
Glucose - Correct Answer :C
Rationale:Clients with primary aldosteronism exhibit a profound decline in serum levels of potassium;
hypokalemia; hypertension is the most prominent and universal sign. The serum sodium level is normal or
elevated, depending on the amount of water resorbed with the sodium. Option B is influenced by parathyroid
hormone (PTH). Option D is not affected by primary aldosteronism.
The nurse is completing an admission interview for a client with Parkinson disease. Which question will provide
additional information about manifestations that the client is likely to experience?
A.
"Have you ever experienced any paralysis of your arms or legs?"
B.
P 2
, • RN VATI Adult
Medical Surgical 09/14/2026
EXAM
"Do you have frequent blackout spells?"
C.
"Have you ever been frozen in one spot, unable to move?"
D.
"Do you have headaches, especially ones with throbbing pain?" - Correct Answer :C
Rationale:Clients with Parkinson disease frequently experience difficulty in initiating, maintaining, and performing
motor activities. They may even experience being rooted to the spot and unable to move. Parkinson disease
does not typically cause option A, B, or D.
Client census is often used to determine staffing needs. Which method of obtaining census determination for a
particular unit provides the best formula for determining long-range staffing patterns?
A.
Midnight census
B.
Oncoming shift census
C.
Average daily census
D.
Hourly census - Correct Answer :C
Rationale:An average daily census is determined by trend data and takes into account seasonal and daily
fluctuations, so it is the best method for determining staffing needs. Options A and B provide data at a certain
point in time, and that data could change quickly. It is unrealistic to expect to obtain an hourly census, and such
data would only provide information about a certain point in time.
A male client has just undergone a laryngectomy and has a cuffed tracheostomy tube in place. When initiating
bolus tube feedings postoperatively, when should the nurse inflate the cuff?
A.
Immediately after feeding
B.
P 3
, • RN VATI Adult
Medical Surgical 09/14/2026
EXAM
Just prior to tube feeding
C.
Continuous inflation is required
D.
Inflation is not required - Correct Answer :B
Rationale:The cuff should be inflated before the feeding to block the trachea and prevent food from entering if
oral feedings are started while a cuffed tracheostomy tube is in place. It should remain inflated throughout the
feeding to prevent aspiration of food into the respiratory system. Options A and D place the client at risk for
aspiration. Option C places the client at risk for tracheal wall necrosis.
A client with a nasogastric tube attached to low suction states that she is nauseated. The nurse assesses that
there has been no drainage through the nasogastric tube in the last 2 hours. Which action should the nurse take
first?
A.
Irrigate the nasogastric tube with sterile normal saline.
B.
Reposition the client on her side.
C.
Advance the nasogastric tube 5 cm.
D.
Administer an intravenous antiemetic as prescribed. - Correct Answer :B
Rationale:The immediate priority is to determine if the tube is functioning correctly, which would then relieve the
client's nausea. The least invasive intervention, repositioning the client, should be attempted first, followed by
options A and C, unless either of these interventions is contraindicated. If these measures are unsuccessful, the
client may require option D.
The nurse is conducting an osteoporosis screening clinic at a health fair. What information should the nurse
provide to individuals who are at risk for osteoporosis? (Select all that apply.)
A.
P 4
