Music Therapy CBMT
Exam 2026 | Study Guide,
Practice Questions,
Answers, Rationales &
Exam Review
Updated Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales
Included
,Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act Originally passed by Congress in 1975 and reauthorized several times, most
(IDEA) recently in 2004, the IDEA specifies the procedures for insuring that all children with
disabilities receives a free appropriate education in the least restrictive environment
possible. It also includes requirements for parental involvement and due process
procedures when parents or guardians disagree with a school's decision regarding
their child.
Individualized Education Program (IEP) The federal special education law (IDEA) requires that an IEP be developed by a
team for each student receiving special education services. The IEP must contain a
statement of the student's present levels of educational performance, annual goals
related to areas of deficit, short-term objective describing the intermediate steps to
the annual goals, criteria and procedures for determining the achievement of the
objectives, and educational services to be provided to the student. Any changes to
a student's IEP must be agreed upon by the entire IEP team. Changes cannot be
made unilaterally by one individual.
Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) A plan, similar to an IEP, by designed for young children (under 3 years of age) and
their families. An IFSP is somewhat broader than an IEP in that it also specifies
services and resource to be provided to the entire family in support of the child with
disabilities.
Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) A legal term from the IDEA that specifies that students with disabilities must be
educated as close to the same environment as their typical (nondisabled) peers. It
is this provision on which inclusion is based.
Manifestation Determination A determination that a student's inappropriate behavior is not a result, or
manifestation, of his or her disability. This is usually determined in a hearing and is
required when a student's behavior violates school rules and before the school can
undertake disciplinary action that might result in a student's suspension from
school.
Mnemonics The use of memory-enhancing strategies or cues to remember something. This
might include such things as rhymes, visualization or acronyms.
Nonverbal Learning Disabilities Refers to individuals who have a cluster of disabilities in social interaction, math,
visual-spatial and tactual tasks.
Peer Tutoring A method used to integrate students with disabilities into general education settings.
It is based on research that demonstrates that students can effectively tutor one
another. It maximizes active student engagement with an academic task and can
also improve social and communication skills. One particularly effective form is
Classwide Peer Tutoring (CWPT).
Positive Behavioral Support (PBS) Using methods and techniques that support desirable and appropriate behavior
rather than punishing undesirable or inappropriate behavior. It usually consists of
determining what types of reinforcers would promote appropriate student behavior
and then using those reinforcers to help the student engage in that behavior.
Seizure A sudden alternation of consciousness, usually accompanied by motor activity
and/or sensory phenomena, caused by an abnormal discharge of electrical energy
in the brain.
Spina Bifida A congenital midline defect resulting from failure of the bony spinal column to close
completely during fetal development. It may occur anywhere from the head to the
lower end of the spine. Because the spinal column is not closed, the spinal card can
protrude, resulting in damage to the nerves and paralysis and/or lack of function or
sensation below the site of the defect.
Stereotypic Behaviors Any of a variety of repetitive behaviors that are sometimes found in individuals who
are have autism, blindness, or who are severely mentally retarded. May include
such things as rubbing eyes, hand flapping, swaying from side to side, etc.
,Supported Employment A method of integrating people with disabilities who cannot work independently into
competitive employment. Includes the use of a job coach who helps the person with
disabilities train for and succeed on the job.
Systematic Instruction Teaching that involves instructional prompts, consequences, or reinforcement,for
performance, and transfer of stimulus control. It is usually used with individuals with
mental retardation.
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) An injury through the brain due to an accident (not conditions present at birth, birth
trauma, or degenerative disease). Results in total or partial disability that affects
educational performance. It may affect any or all areas of cognition, language,
memory, attention, judgment, motor skills, behavior, emotions, problem solving, or
speech. Because as the brain heals the symptoms will change over time TBI
requires close communication among education, medical and other professionals,
and parents/guardians.
Individual Transition Plan (ITP) The IDEA requires that, no later than age 16 (or earlier if appropriate), each
student's IEP should contain a statement of needed transition services. In addition,
the ITP must include a statement of linkages and responsibilities for each
appropriate agency for provide those services. The intent is to have a plan in place
to facilitate the individual's successful transition from the school setting to the
community.
Job Coach A person who assists workers with disabilities to be successful in a job setting. A job
coach provides vocational assessment, instruction, planning, interaction and
communication assistance with employers, and other services to support the
individual in a job.
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) The ADA is a civil rights law for persons with disabilities to protect them from
discrimination in a wide range of activities, such as employment, transportation,
public accommodations, and telecommunications. This is not the primary law that
provides protection and safeguards educational rights of students in schools. That
law is the IDEA.
Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act Signed into law in 1998, this law provides federal funds for occupationally-relevant
equipment, vocational curriculum materials, materials for learning labs, curriculum
development or modification, staff development, career counseling and guidance
activities, efforts for academic-vocational integration, supplemental services for
special populations, hiring vocational staff, remedial classes, and expansion of tech
prep programs. In special education its primary benefit is that it requires schools,
and distributes funds, to provide vocational training, planning and placement for
students with special needs.
Applied Behavior Analysis An approach often used with children with autism, although it can be used for other
purposes as well. It breaks a skill or task down into smaller units or steps. The
teacher practices each step with the child, helping the child to connect the smaller
steps with the larger task or skill. The teacher uses prompts and reinforcements to
assist and encourage the child to correctly perform each step with the prompts and
reinforcers gradually reduced until the skill is self-maintained by the child
P.L. 99-457 Passed in 1986, this law (Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments)
established early intervention for young children from birth to age three and their
families.
, TEKS Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills, these is the state required curriculum for all
public schools in Texas. The TEKS lists the skills students should have mastered at
various grade levels in all academic subjects. The TEKS do not provide information
about resources to teach the skills or how to evaluate them. It is simply a list of
those skills. A teacher can tell, for children at any grade level, the prerequisite skills
the students should already have mastered and which skills the students will need
to master next.
Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ADHD is a neurological disorder that can result in lack of attention, impulsivity
and/or hyperactivity. The three types of ADHD, as defined by the DSM-IV-, are
Predominately Inattentive Type, Predominately Hyperactive-Impulsive Type, and
Combined Type, which incorporates the all the characteristics of the other two
types. ADHD is not an identified disability under the IDEA, but students with the
disability may be served under the Other Health Impaired category of the IDEA, or
under the Learning Disabilities or Seriously Emotionally Disordered categories since
there is a large overlap between ADHD and these other disabilities.
Perseveration Perseveration means to keep doing the same thing again and again. This is a
common characteristic of individuals with autism spectrum disorder, as well as other
types of disabilities. It may manifest itself in repeating an action multiple times and
not being able to stop.
Echolalia Echolalia is to repeat back something that has already been said, exactly as it is
said. You might ask, "What's your name?" and the person will reply back, "What's
your name?" While many children with autism exhibit this characteristic, it does not
fit the definition in the question stem and, thus, it is not the correct word for this
question.
Encephalitis Encephalitis literally means an inflammation of the brain, but it usually refers to
brain inflammation caused by a virus. It has no impact on the sense of thirst.
Asthma Asthma is caused by an inflammation or obstruction of the air passages, making it
difficult to breath. It does not affect thirst.
Diabetes This disorder, caused by the body's inability to produce insulin can sometimes result
in insulin shock, which is sometimes signaled by an increased level of thirst. Both
asthma and cystic fibrosis are breathing disorders not related to thirst.
Cystic Fibrosis Cystic fibrosis results from a buildup of mucus in the lungs or gastrointestinal tract
that interferes with breathing or digestion.
Epilepsy Epilepsy is a neurological condition, which affects the nervous system. Epilepsy is
also known as a seizure disorder . It is usually diagnosed after a person has had at
least two seizures that were not caused by some known medical condition like
alcohol withdrawal or extremely low blood sugar.
The seizures in epilepsy may be related to a brain injury or a family tendency, but
most of the time the cause is unknown.
Exam 2026 | Study Guide,
Practice Questions,
Answers, Rationales &
Exam Review
Updated Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales
Included
,Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act Originally passed by Congress in 1975 and reauthorized several times, most
(IDEA) recently in 2004, the IDEA specifies the procedures for insuring that all children with
disabilities receives a free appropriate education in the least restrictive environment
possible. It also includes requirements for parental involvement and due process
procedures when parents or guardians disagree with a school's decision regarding
their child.
Individualized Education Program (IEP) The federal special education law (IDEA) requires that an IEP be developed by a
team for each student receiving special education services. The IEP must contain a
statement of the student's present levels of educational performance, annual goals
related to areas of deficit, short-term objective describing the intermediate steps to
the annual goals, criteria and procedures for determining the achievement of the
objectives, and educational services to be provided to the student. Any changes to
a student's IEP must be agreed upon by the entire IEP team. Changes cannot be
made unilaterally by one individual.
Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) A plan, similar to an IEP, by designed for young children (under 3 years of age) and
their families. An IFSP is somewhat broader than an IEP in that it also specifies
services and resource to be provided to the entire family in support of the child with
disabilities.
Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) A legal term from the IDEA that specifies that students with disabilities must be
educated as close to the same environment as their typical (nondisabled) peers. It
is this provision on which inclusion is based.
Manifestation Determination A determination that a student's inappropriate behavior is not a result, or
manifestation, of his or her disability. This is usually determined in a hearing and is
required when a student's behavior violates school rules and before the school can
undertake disciplinary action that might result in a student's suspension from
school.
Mnemonics The use of memory-enhancing strategies or cues to remember something. This
might include such things as rhymes, visualization or acronyms.
Nonverbal Learning Disabilities Refers to individuals who have a cluster of disabilities in social interaction, math,
visual-spatial and tactual tasks.
Peer Tutoring A method used to integrate students with disabilities into general education settings.
It is based on research that demonstrates that students can effectively tutor one
another. It maximizes active student engagement with an academic task and can
also improve social and communication skills. One particularly effective form is
Classwide Peer Tutoring (CWPT).
Positive Behavioral Support (PBS) Using methods and techniques that support desirable and appropriate behavior
rather than punishing undesirable or inappropriate behavior. It usually consists of
determining what types of reinforcers would promote appropriate student behavior
and then using those reinforcers to help the student engage in that behavior.
Seizure A sudden alternation of consciousness, usually accompanied by motor activity
and/or sensory phenomena, caused by an abnormal discharge of electrical energy
in the brain.
Spina Bifida A congenital midline defect resulting from failure of the bony spinal column to close
completely during fetal development. It may occur anywhere from the head to the
lower end of the spine. Because the spinal column is not closed, the spinal card can
protrude, resulting in damage to the nerves and paralysis and/or lack of function or
sensation below the site of the defect.
Stereotypic Behaviors Any of a variety of repetitive behaviors that are sometimes found in individuals who
are have autism, blindness, or who are severely mentally retarded. May include
such things as rubbing eyes, hand flapping, swaying from side to side, etc.
,Supported Employment A method of integrating people with disabilities who cannot work independently into
competitive employment. Includes the use of a job coach who helps the person with
disabilities train for and succeed on the job.
Systematic Instruction Teaching that involves instructional prompts, consequences, or reinforcement,for
performance, and transfer of stimulus control. It is usually used with individuals with
mental retardation.
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) An injury through the brain due to an accident (not conditions present at birth, birth
trauma, or degenerative disease). Results in total or partial disability that affects
educational performance. It may affect any or all areas of cognition, language,
memory, attention, judgment, motor skills, behavior, emotions, problem solving, or
speech. Because as the brain heals the symptoms will change over time TBI
requires close communication among education, medical and other professionals,
and parents/guardians.
Individual Transition Plan (ITP) The IDEA requires that, no later than age 16 (or earlier if appropriate), each
student's IEP should contain a statement of needed transition services. In addition,
the ITP must include a statement of linkages and responsibilities for each
appropriate agency for provide those services. The intent is to have a plan in place
to facilitate the individual's successful transition from the school setting to the
community.
Job Coach A person who assists workers with disabilities to be successful in a job setting. A job
coach provides vocational assessment, instruction, planning, interaction and
communication assistance with employers, and other services to support the
individual in a job.
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) The ADA is a civil rights law for persons with disabilities to protect them from
discrimination in a wide range of activities, such as employment, transportation,
public accommodations, and telecommunications. This is not the primary law that
provides protection and safeguards educational rights of students in schools. That
law is the IDEA.
Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act Signed into law in 1998, this law provides federal funds for occupationally-relevant
equipment, vocational curriculum materials, materials for learning labs, curriculum
development or modification, staff development, career counseling and guidance
activities, efforts for academic-vocational integration, supplemental services for
special populations, hiring vocational staff, remedial classes, and expansion of tech
prep programs. In special education its primary benefit is that it requires schools,
and distributes funds, to provide vocational training, planning and placement for
students with special needs.
Applied Behavior Analysis An approach often used with children with autism, although it can be used for other
purposes as well. It breaks a skill or task down into smaller units or steps. The
teacher practices each step with the child, helping the child to connect the smaller
steps with the larger task or skill. The teacher uses prompts and reinforcements to
assist and encourage the child to correctly perform each step with the prompts and
reinforcers gradually reduced until the skill is self-maintained by the child
P.L. 99-457 Passed in 1986, this law (Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments)
established early intervention for young children from birth to age three and their
families.
, TEKS Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills, these is the state required curriculum for all
public schools in Texas. The TEKS lists the skills students should have mastered at
various grade levels in all academic subjects. The TEKS do not provide information
about resources to teach the skills or how to evaluate them. It is simply a list of
those skills. A teacher can tell, for children at any grade level, the prerequisite skills
the students should already have mastered and which skills the students will need
to master next.
Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ADHD is a neurological disorder that can result in lack of attention, impulsivity
and/or hyperactivity. The three types of ADHD, as defined by the DSM-IV-, are
Predominately Inattentive Type, Predominately Hyperactive-Impulsive Type, and
Combined Type, which incorporates the all the characteristics of the other two
types. ADHD is not an identified disability under the IDEA, but students with the
disability may be served under the Other Health Impaired category of the IDEA, or
under the Learning Disabilities or Seriously Emotionally Disordered categories since
there is a large overlap between ADHD and these other disabilities.
Perseveration Perseveration means to keep doing the same thing again and again. This is a
common characteristic of individuals with autism spectrum disorder, as well as other
types of disabilities. It may manifest itself in repeating an action multiple times and
not being able to stop.
Echolalia Echolalia is to repeat back something that has already been said, exactly as it is
said. You might ask, "What's your name?" and the person will reply back, "What's
your name?" While many children with autism exhibit this characteristic, it does not
fit the definition in the question stem and, thus, it is not the correct word for this
question.
Encephalitis Encephalitis literally means an inflammation of the brain, but it usually refers to
brain inflammation caused by a virus. It has no impact on the sense of thirst.
Asthma Asthma is caused by an inflammation or obstruction of the air passages, making it
difficult to breath. It does not affect thirst.
Diabetes This disorder, caused by the body's inability to produce insulin can sometimes result
in insulin shock, which is sometimes signaled by an increased level of thirst. Both
asthma and cystic fibrosis are breathing disorders not related to thirst.
Cystic Fibrosis Cystic fibrosis results from a buildup of mucus in the lungs or gastrointestinal tract
that interferes with breathing or digestion.
Epilepsy Epilepsy is a neurological condition, which affects the nervous system. Epilepsy is
also known as a seizure disorder . It is usually diagnosed after a person has had at
least two seizures that were not caused by some known medical condition like
alcohol withdrawal or extremely low blood sugar.
The seizures in epilepsy may be related to a brain injury or a family tendency, but
most of the time the cause is unknown.
