NURS 3110 Exam 1 | Questions with 100% Verified Answers | Latest Update

NURS 3110 Exam 1 | Questions with 100% Verified Answers | Latest Update

Question: Phase Microscopy
Answer:
-Optical method to see organisms
-Light waves pass through the cell, emerge in different phases
-Allows visualization of internal structures

Question: Types of Eukaryotic Cells
Answer:
-Humans
-Yeast
-Plants

Question: Eukaryotic cell structures
Answer:
-Nucleus
-Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
-Mitochondria
-Cytoskeleton (microtubiles and microfilaments)
-Plasma Membrane
-Flagella and Cilia

Question: Characteristics of Nucleus in Eukaryotic Cells
Answer:
-Selectively permeable
-Chromosomes contain linear DNA in a double helix

Question: Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Answer:
-Some coated with ribosomes which synthesize proteins

Question: Mitochondria
Answer:
-Respiratory electron transport system
-Respiration and energy production occur here

,Question: What are the cytoplasmic structures of eukaryotic cells?
Answer:
Cytoskeleton

-Microtubules: cell shape, form mitotic spindle and flagellar components
-Microfilaments: allow movement and cell division

Question: Components of the Plasma Membrane of Eukaryotic cells
Answer:
-Protein and phospolipid
-Cellulose (plant cells)

Question: Motility Organelles of Eukaryotic Cells
Answer:
-Flagella: longer, from polar regions to propel cell through water

-Cilia: shorter, surround cell

Arranged in 9+2 system

Question: Types of Prokaryotic Cells
Answer:
Bacteria

Question: Characteristics of the Nucleoid of Prokaryotic Cells
Answer:
-No nuclear membrane
-No mitotic apparatus for cell division
-DNA circular (mostly) or linear

Question: Function of Fimbriae
Answer:
-Do NOT help in locomotion
-Make the cell more sticky, helping its ability to aggregate and colonize (forming a
biofilm)

,Question: Cytoplasmic Structures of Prokaryotic Cells
Answer:
-No mitochondria, electron transport in cytoplasm
-Microtubular structures absent

Question: Characteristics of the Gram-Positive Cell Envelope
Answer:
-Cytoplasmic membrane
-Thick peptidoglycan layer (cell wall)
-Some have outer capsule

Question: Characteristics of the Gram-Negative Cell Envelope
Answer:
-Cytoplasmic membrane (cell membrane)
-Single sheet (thin) peptidoglycan
-Complex outer membrane layer (cell wall)
-May have outer capsule
-Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharide)

Question: Structure of prokaryotic cell cytoplasmic membrane
Answer:
Phospholipids and Proteins

Question: Function of prokaryotic cell cytoplasmic (phospholipid)
membrane
Answer:
-Selective permeability and transport
-Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation
-Excretion of some enzymes
-Essential enzymes, carrier molecules
-Receptors, proteins of chemotactic system

Question: Function of prokaryotic cell wall
Answer:
-Layers between cytoplasmic membrane and capsule
-Osmotic protection
-Essential in division

, Question: Cell wall in Gram + vs. Gram -
Answer:
Gram positive: thick peptidoglycan layer

Gram negative: thin peptidoglycan layer, complex outer membrane layer

Question: Special Components of Gram-Positive Cell Walls
Answer:
Teichoic acids
-Water soluble polymers
-Major surface antigens (most commonly recognized by immune system)

Polysaccarides

Question: Special Components of Gram-Negative Cell Walls
Answer:
Lipoprotein

Outer Membrane

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Periplasmic Space

Question: Function of Lipoprotein of Gram Negative Cell Walls
Answer:
-Makes up the phospholipid bilayer)
-Most abundant in Gram negative
-Stabilizes/anchors outer membrane to polysaccharides

Question: Function of Outer Membrane of Gram Negative Cell Walls
Answer:
-Protects cell from bile salts
-Special channels (porins) allow hydrophilic compounds to pass