Chamberlain NR 511 Midterm | Chamberlain University-Illinois | Questions with 100% Verified Answers | Latest Update

Chamberlain NR 511 Midterm | Chamberlain University-Illinois | Questions
with 100% Verified Answers | Latest Update

Question: What are common causes of N/V associated with gastritis?
Answer:
Alcohol, NSAIDs, ASA, ABX, and illicit substances

Question: What is the most common cause of nausea and vomiting?
Answer:
Acute Gastroenteritis (AGE)

Question: What are some manifestations of AGE?
Answer:
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain. May also include fatigue, malaise,
anorexia, tenesmus and borborygmus.

Question: How is the severity of AGE gauged?
Answer:
Dehydration secondary to profuse watery diarrhea, fever greater than 101ºF (38.3ºC),
vomiting, or dysentery.

Question: What are important parts of a patient's history when AGE is
suspected?
Answer:
Travel, dining locations, ABX history..

Question: What happens to the pH of the stomach when antacids are
taken and how does this affect bacteria?
Answer:
High pH can make it easier for bacteria to survive and cause and infection.

Question: How does motility of the GI tract affect bacteria
colonization?
Answer:
Small bowel stasis as a result of obstruction, diverticulitis, or blind loop syndrome frequently
develop an overgrowth of bacteria within the stagnant segment.

,Question: Which immunoglobulin may protect the GI tract against
invading organisms?
Answer:
IgA...may also help protect against a future attack by the same pathogen.

Question: Onset of N/V begin within 6 hours after exposure. Is this
bacterial or viral?
Answer:
Bacterial: time frame suggests food poisoning resulting from the ingestion of a preformed
toxin such as that of Bacillus cereus.

Question: What two indications are highly suggestive of viral AGE?
Answer:
Incubation periods greater than 14 hours and the initial symptom of vomiting.

Question: If a patient presents with AGE and reports bloody stools,
what can be understood about the reason for blood in the stool/
Answer:
Mucosal damage and inflammatory process secondary to invasive pathogens.

Question: What do frothy stools and flatus suggest?
Answer:
Malabsorption problem.

Question: Patients with prolonged AGE illness who are malnourished
may present with edema. What is the reason?
Answer:
Hypoalbuminemia

Question: T or F: Chronic diarrhea usually has a noninfectious etiology.
Answer:
True

Question: T or F: Acute diarrhea usually is caused by infectious agents
or toxins
Answer:
True

,Question: What is the most common viral pathogen causing AGE in
adults?
Answer:
Norovirus

Question: What is the most common viral pathogen causing AGE in
pediatrics?
Answer:
Rotavirus. This has been greatly reduced since the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine.

Question: T or F: Stool studies are indicated in the absence of bloody
diarrhea or systemic disease
Answer:
False

Question: T or F: A CBC will help distinguish between viral and
bacterial AGE
Answer:
False

Question: When are stool studies warranted?
Answer:
Severe or prolonged diarrhea, a fever > 38.5ºC, bloody stools or stools that test positive for
leukocytes or occult blood.

Question: What are common pathogens involved in Traveler's
Diarrhea?
Answer:
Shigella, Campylobacter, and E. coli.

Question: What should the clinician do if the patient develops diarrhea
after initiation of completion of antibiotic therapy?
Answer:
Test for C. diff.

, Question: What are some DDx of AGE, particularly in patients with
persistent or chronic diarrhea and severe abdominal pain?
Answer:
IBS, IBD, ischemic bowel disease, partial bowel obstruction, small bowel diverticulosis.

Question: What are some red flag symptoms that may indicate the need
for hospitalization?
Answer:
Hypovolemia, dehydration, abnormal electrolytes, decreased renal function, bloody stool/rectal
bleeding, weight loss, severe abdominal pain, prolonged symptoms greater than 1 week,
pregnancy, advanced age, history of hospitalization or antibiotic use in the last 3-6 months.

Question: What is the usual course of treatment for AGE?
Answer:
Only supportive treatment is initiated since AGE is usually self-limiting and resolves within 1
week after onset of symptoms.

Question: How such patients with evidence of dehydration be treated
initially?
Answer:
Fluid repletion and nutrition. Sports drinks aren't as effective as specific electrolyte
replenishing drinks.

Question: At what point should a patient be referred to the hospital for
dehydration?
Answer:
Signs of hypovolemia such as hypotension, tachycardia, pallor, and poor skin turgor.

Question: T of F: Empiric antimicrobial therapy is recommended for
patients with severe diarrhea suspected form traveling.
Answer:
True. Bactrim, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Floxacin.

Question: T or F: Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients traveling to
high-risk areas is appropriate.
Answer:
True