Criminological Theory
Final Exam Questions and
Answers Updated 2026
SocialBInteractionsB(-->B&B<--)B-BAnswerBdefinitionsBofBsituationsBandBself-conception
TBorBF:BthroughBsocialBinteractionsBw/Bothers,ByouBcanBcomeBtoBlearnBdefinitionsBof
BsituationsBandBtheseBdetermineBwhetherByouBengageBinBcriminalBbehaviorBorBnotB-
BAnswerBtrue
PrimaryBDevianceB-
BAnswerBdeviantBbehaviorBthatBdoesBNOTBresultBfromBsocialBreactions
TBorBF:BpeopleBthatBengageBinBprimaryBdevianceBdoBnotBhaveBaBdeviantBself-
conceptionB-BAnswerBtrue
whatBareBtheBsourcesBofBprimaryBdeviance?B-BAnswerBbiologicalBtrait
psychologicalBtraitB
socialBfactorBOTHERBthanBsocialBreactionsBtoBpriorBdeviantBbehavior
aBpersonBwhoBengagesBinBaBdeviantBlifestyle'sBfirstBactBofBdevianceBareBprimaryBorBs
econdaryBdeviance?B-BAnswerBprimary
theBamountBofBharmBcauseBbyBaBprimaryBactBofBdevianceBisBwhat?B-BAnswerBminor
SecondaryBDevianceB-
BAnswerBdeviantBbehaviorBthatBresultsBfromBsocialBreactionsBtoBpriorBdeviantBbehavi
or
, labelingBtheoristsBprimarilyBworkBwithBwhatBtypeBofBdeviance?B-BAnswerBsecondary
TBofBF:BaBpersonBwhoBengagesBinBsecondaryBdevianceBtypicallyBsee'sBselfBasBdeviant
B-BAnswerBtrue
aBpersonBofBsecondaryBdevianceBhasBundergoneBwhatBprocess?B-
BAnswerBlabelingBprocess
deviantBself-conceptionBitselfBpromptsBwhatBtypeBofBdeviance?B-BAnswerBsecondary
isBtheBseverityBofBaBsecondaryBdevianceBmoreBorBlessBsevereBthanBprimaryBdeviance
?B-BAnswerBmore
HowardBBeckerBdefinesBDeviantBBehaviorBas...?B-
BAnswerB"deviantBbehaviorBisBbehaviorBthatBpeopleBsoBlabel."
BeckerBstatesBthatBanyBbehaviorBcanBbeBdeviant/criminalBbehavior,BwhatBmattersBisBt
heB____.B-BAnswerBapplicationBofBtheBlabel
BeckerBdefinesBaBDeviantBPersonBas...?B-
BAnswerB"theBdeviantBisBoneBtoBwhomBthatBlabelBhasBsuccessfullyBbeBapplied."
RuleBCreatorsB-
BAnswerBpeopleBwhoBlabelBbehaviorsBasBdeviantB(peopleBwhoBmakeBtheBlaws)
TypesBofBRuleBCreatorsB-BAnswerB-Self-
Interested:BtryingBtoBgetBlawBcreatedBtoBserveBselfBpurpose
-Experts:BformationBofBsomeBrules,BexpertsBofBsomething
-
MoralBCrusaders/CrusadingBReformers:BaBtypicalBruleBcreate,BmostBofBourBrulesBareBfr
omBtheirBworkB&BbelieveBwhatBthey'reBdoingBisBtheBbestBinterestBofBsociety
Final Exam Questions and
Answers Updated 2026
SocialBInteractionsB(-->B&B<--)B-BAnswerBdefinitionsBofBsituationsBandBself-conception
TBorBF:BthroughBsocialBinteractionsBw/Bothers,ByouBcanBcomeBtoBlearnBdefinitionsBof
BsituationsBandBtheseBdetermineBwhetherByouBengageBinBcriminalBbehaviorBorBnotB-
BAnswerBtrue
PrimaryBDevianceB-
BAnswerBdeviantBbehaviorBthatBdoesBNOTBresultBfromBsocialBreactions
TBorBF:BpeopleBthatBengageBinBprimaryBdevianceBdoBnotBhaveBaBdeviantBself-
conceptionB-BAnswerBtrue
whatBareBtheBsourcesBofBprimaryBdeviance?B-BAnswerBbiologicalBtrait
psychologicalBtraitB
socialBfactorBOTHERBthanBsocialBreactionsBtoBpriorBdeviantBbehavior
aBpersonBwhoBengagesBinBaBdeviantBlifestyle'sBfirstBactBofBdevianceBareBprimaryBorBs
econdaryBdeviance?B-BAnswerBprimary
theBamountBofBharmBcauseBbyBaBprimaryBactBofBdevianceBisBwhat?B-BAnswerBminor
SecondaryBDevianceB-
BAnswerBdeviantBbehaviorBthatBresultsBfromBsocialBreactionsBtoBpriorBdeviantBbehavi
or
, labelingBtheoristsBprimarilyBworkBwithBwhatBtypeBofBdeviance?B-BAnswerBsecondary
TBofBF:BaBpersonBwhoBengagesBinBsecondaryBdevianceBtypicallyBsee'sBselfBasBdeviant
B-BAnswerBtrue
aBpersonBofBsecondaryBdevianceBhasBundergoneBwhatBprocess?B-
BAnswerBlabelingBprocess
deviantBself-conceptionBitselfBpromptsBwhatBtypeBofBdeviance?B-BAnswerBsecondary
isBtheBseverityBofBaBsecondaryBdevianceBmoreBorBlessBsevereBthanBprimaryBdeviance
?B-BAnswerBmore
HowardBBeckerBdefinesBDeviantBBehaviorBas...?B-
BAnswerB"deviantBbehaviorBisBbehaviorBthatBpeopleBsoBlabel."
BeckerBstatesBthatBanyBbehaviorBcanBbeBdeviant/criminalBbehavior,BwhatBmattersBisBt
heB____.B-BAnswerBapplicationBofBtheBlabel
BeckerBdefinesBaBDeviantBPersonBas...?B-
BAnswerB"theBdeviantBisBoneBtoBwhomBthatBlabelBhasBsuccessfullyBbeBapplied."
RuleBCreatorsB-
BAnswerBpeopleBwhoBlabelBbehaviorsBasBdeviantB(peopleBwhoBmakeBtheBlaws)
TypesBofBRuleBCreatorsB-BAnswerB-Self-
Interested:BtryingBtoBgetBlawBcreatedBtoBserveBselfBpurpose
-Experts:BformationBofBsomeBrules,BexpertsBofBsomething
-
MoralBCrusaders/CrusadingBReformers:BaBtypicalBruleBcreate,BmostBofBourBrulesBareBfr
omBtheirBworkB&BbelieveBwhatBthey'reBdoingBisBtheBbestBinterestBofBsociety