Criminology exam
Questions and Answers
Updated 2026
ExplainBwhyBsomeBlawsBsuchBasBtheBVagrancyBActB1824BhaveBnotBbeenBsubjectBtoBc
hange.B-
BAnswerBTheBprocessBofBchangingBaBlawBcanBbeBslow.BLawBcanBbeBleftBtoBfallBoutB
ofBusageBratherBthanBchangeBit.BParliamentaryBtimeBisBinBdemandBandBusedBforBmor
eBurgentBissues.BReasonsBforBpassingBlawBmayBstillBbeBappliedBtodayB-
BchangeBunnecessary.
DefineBzeroBtoleranceB-
BAnswerBIsBaBpolicingBstrategyBthatBinvolvesBrelentlessBorderBmaintenanceBandBaggre
ssiveBlawBenforcement,BagainstBevenBminorBcrimes.
WhatBisBtheBcriminalBoffenceBcommittedBwhenBanBhonourBkillingBisBcommitted?B-
BAnswerBUnlawfulBkillingBsuchBasBmurderBorBmanslaughter.
WhatBisBitBcalledBwhenBaBfamilyBdisposeBofBsomeoneBdueBtoBtheyBbringBshameBonB
theBfamilyB?B-BAnswerBHonourBkilling
DefineBhonourBkillingB-BAnswerB
WhatBareBtheBreasonsBforBhonourBkillings?B-
BAnswerBBringingBshameBonBaBfamily,BprotectingBtheBhonour/reputationBofBaBfamily,B
theBdeceasedBengagedBinBactivitiesBorBrelationshipsBfoundBtoBbeBunsuitableBbyBaBfa
mily,BrequestBbyBseniorBfamilyBmembers.
CompareBandBcontrastBhonourBkillingsBwithBcrimesBofBdomesticBabuse.B-
BAnswerBBothBcrimesBamountBtoBcriminalBbehaviour.BBothBareBviolentBoffences.BBoth
BusuallyBoccurBwithinBtheBfamily/domesticBsituations/BbehindBclosedBdoors,BagainstBfe
males.BBothBinvolveBattemptsBtoBcontrolBbothBbehaviourBandBfinancialBindependence.
, BContrastB-
BoftenBwithB'honourBcrimes'BtheBvictimBdoesBnotBknowBhowBtoBreportBtheBissuesBor
BmayBnotBhaveBtheBlanuageBabilityBtoBdoBso.BWithBdomesticBviolenceBtheBvictimBoft
enBchoosesBnotBtoBreportBtheBcrime.BHonourBcrimesBusuallyBoccurBwithBSouthBAsian
BandBMiddleBEasternBfamilies.BDomesticBviolenceBcanBoccurBinBallBcultures.B'HonourB
killings'BusuallyBagainstBfemales,BdomesticBviolenceBcanBoccurBagainstBmales.
DescribeBwhatBisBmeantBbyBaB'moralBpanic'BandBgiveBtwoBexamples.B-
BAnswerBStanleyBCohenB:BaBcondition,Bepisode,BpersonBorBgroupBemergesBtoBbecom
eBdefinedBasBaBthreatBtoBsociety'sBvaluesBandBinterest-
oftenBstylisedBinBaBstereotypicalBfashionBbyBmassBmedia.BExamples:BModsBandBRocke
rs,BKnifeBCrime,BIslamicBTerrorists,BLondonBRiots,Bhomeless,BmentalBhealth,BreactionBa
fterBtheBabductionBandBmurderBofBJamesBBulger.
ExplainBhowBdevianceBdiffersBfromBcrimeBwithBexamples?B-
BAnswerBDevianceBcanBbeBcriminalBorBnot,BbutBcrimeBisBalwaysBcriminal.BABcrimeBis
BwhenByouBbreakBaBlaw/sBthatBareBusuallyBclearlyBsetBoutBinBwritingBandBareBenforc
edBbyBtheBpoliceBandBtheBjusticeBsystem.BInBcontrastBdevianceBoccursBwhenBsomeon
eBbehavesBunacceptablyBandBbreaksBtheBusuallyBstandardsBofBsocialBbehaviourBinBsoc
iety.BDevianceBisBsociallyBdefined,BmeaningBhowBpeopleBaroundByouBregardByourBbeh
aviourBwhereasBcrimeBisBlegallyBdefined.BABfinalBdifferenceBisBthatBdevianceBisBusuall
yBnotBconsideredBasBsevereBasBaBcrime.BDevianceBcouldBbeBcheatingBonBexamsBbutB
crimeBisBmurder.BSomeBbehaviourBmayBbeBseenBasBdeviantBoverBtimeBe.g.Bsmoking.B
ThereBhaveBbeenBcallsBtoBdecriminaliseBpossessionBofBcannabisB-
BpossibleBargumentBofBitBnotBbeingBaBdeviantBact.
DescribeBwhatBisBmeantBbyB'deviance'B-
BAnswerBGoingBagainstBtheBdominantBsocialBnormsBofBaBspecificBgroupBorBsocietyBw
hichBcausesBsomeBkindBofBcriticalBreactionBorBdisapproval.
WhatBisBanBexampleBofBaB'zeroBtolerance'Bapproach?B-BAnswerBNewBYorkBCity
ExplainBhowBMarxistBtheoryBwouldBaccountBforBtheBissueBofBaBzero-
toleranceBapproachBtoBminorBcrimes.B-BAnswerBMarxistBtheoryBwouldBviewBzero-
toleranceBasBaBmeansBofBsocialBcontrolBandBfocusesBonBcrimesBcommittedBbyBtheBw
orkingBclassesBratherBthanBtheBwhiteBcollarBcrimesBcommittedBbyBtheBupperBclasses.B
Questions and Answers
Updated 2026
ExplainBwhyBsomeBlawsBsuchBasBtheBVagrancyBActB1824BhaveBnotBbeenBsubjectBtoBc
hange.B-
BAnswerBTheBprocessBofBchangingBaBlawBcanBbeBslow.BLawBcanBbeBleftBtoBfallBoutB
ofBusageBratherBthanBchangeBit.BParliamentaryBtimeBisBinBdemandBandBusedBforBmor
eBurgentBissues.BReasonsBforBpassingBlawBmayBstillBbeBappliedBtodayB-
BchangeBunnecessary.
DefineBzeroBtoleranceB-
BAnswerBIsBaBpolicingBstrategyBthatBinvolvesBrelentlessBorderBmaintenanceBandBaggre
ssiveBlawBenforcement,BagainstBevenBminorBcrimes.
WhatBisBtheBcriminalBoffenceBcommittedBwhenBanBhonourBkillingBisBcommitted?B-
BAnswerBUnlawfulBkillingBsuchBasBmurderBorBmanslaughter.
WhatBisBitBcalledBwhenBaBfamilyBdisposeBofBsomeoneBdueBtoBtheyBbringBshameBonB
theBfamilyB?B-BAnswerBHonourBkilling
DefineBhonourBkillingB-BAnswerB
WhatBareBtheBreasonsBforBhonourBkillings?B-
BAnswerBBringingBshameBonBaBfamily,BprotectingBtheBhonour/reputationBofBaBfamily,B
theBdeceasedBengagedBinBactivitiesBorBrelationshipsBfoundBtoBbeBunsuitableBbyBaBfa
mily,BrequestBbyBseniorBfamilyBmembers.
CompareBandBcontrastBhonourBkillingsBwithBcrimesBofBdomesticBabuse.B-
BAnswerBBothBcrimesBamountBtoBcriminalBbehaviour.BBothBareBviolentBoffences.BBoth
BusuallyBoccurBwithinBtheBfamily/domesticBsituations/BbehindBclosedBdoors,BagainstBfe
males.BBothBinvolveBattemptsBtoBcontrolBbothBbehaviourBandBfinancialBindependence.
, BContrastB-
BoftenBwithB'honourBcrimes'BtheBvictimBdoesBnotBknowBhowBtoBreportBtheBissuesBor
BmayBnotBhaveBtheBlanuageBabilityBtoBdoBso.BWithBdomesticBviolenceBtheBvictimBoft
enBchoosesBnotBtoBreportBtheBcrime.BHonourBcrimesBusuallyBoccurBwithBSouthBAsian
BandBMiddleBEasternBfamilies.BDomesticBviolenceBcanBoccurBinBallBcultures.B'HonourB
killings'BusuallyBagainstBfemales,BdomesticBviolenceBcanBoccurBagainstBmales.
DescribeBwhatBisBmeantBbyBaB'moralBpanic'BandBgiveBtwoBexamples.B-
BAnswerBStanleyBCohenB:BaBcondition,Bepisode,BpersonBorBgroupBemergesBtoBbecom
eBdefinedBasBaBthreatBtoBsociety'sBvaluesBandBinterest-
oftenBstylisedBinBaBstereotypicalBfashionBbyBmassBmedia.BExamples:BModsBandBRocke
rs,BKnifeBCrime,BIslamicBTerrorists,BLondonBRiots,Bhomeless,BmentalBhealth,BreactionBa
fterBtheBabductionBandBmurderBofBJamesBBulger.
ExplainBhowBdevianceBdiffersBfromBcrimeBwithBexamples?B-
BAnswerBDevianceBcanBbeBcriminalBorBnot,BbutBcrimeBisBalwaysBcriminal.BABcrimeBis
BwhenByouBbreakBaBlaw/sBthatBareBusuallyBclearlyBsetBoutBinBwritingBandBareBenforc
edBbyBtheBpoliceBandBtheBjusticeBsystem.BInBcontrastBdevianceBoccursBwhenBsomeon
eBbehavesBunacceptablyBandBbreaksBtheBusuallyBstandardsBofBsocialBbehaviourBinBsoc
iety.BDevianceBisBsociallyBdefined,BmeaningBhowBpeopleBaroundByouBregardByourBbeh
aviourBwhereasBcrimeBisBlegallyBdefined.BABfinalBdifferenceBisBthatBdevianceBisBusuall
yBnotBconsideredBasBsevereBasBaBcrime.BDevianceBcouldBbeBcheatingBonBexamsBbutB
crimeBisBmurder.BSomeBbehaviourBmayBbeBseenBasBdeviantBoverBtimeBe.g.Bsmoking.B
ThereBhaveBbeenBcallsBtoBdecriminaliseBpossessionBofBcannabisB-
BpossibleBargumentBofBitBnotBbeingBaBdeviantBact.
DescribeBwhatBisBmeantBbyB'deviance'B-
BAnswerBGoingBagainstBtheBdominantBsocialBnormsBofBaBspecificBgroupBorBsocietyBw
hichBcausesBsomeBkindBofBcriticalBreactionBorBdisapproval.
WhatBisBanBexampleBofBaB'zeroBtolerance'Bapproach?B-BAnswerBNewBYorkBCity
ExplainBhowBMarxistBtheoryBwouldBaccountBforBtheBissueBofBaBzero-
toleranceBapproachBtoBminorBcrimes.B-BAnswerBMarxistBtheoryBwouldBviewBzero-
toleranceBasBaBmeansBofBsocialBcontrolBandBfocusesBonBcrimesBcommittedBbyBtheBw
orkingBclassesBratherBthanBtheBwhiteBcollarBcrimesBcommittedBbyBtheBupperBclasses.B