NURS 3366 Pathophysiology Study
Guide | Exam 1 & Exam 2 Practice
Questions 2026/2027
,II. Some basic physiologic concepts. 1. body temperature rises
B. Compensation and decompensation the hypothalamus senses the elevated core
b. Control / compensatory mechanisms temperature and sends a signal to the skin to produce
examples: sweat
1. Example of compensatory response heat loss occurs through evaporation. Dilation of the
to normal daily life stressor concept flow superficial blood vessels also occurs
chart map with elevated external as "heated blood" circulates from the core to the
temperature or exercise periphery
heat loss occurs through radiation (heat removed from
body into surrounding air).
II. Some basic physiologic concepts. (massive bleeding) or water (dehydration), the body
B. Compensation and decompensation uses certain compensatory techniques to keep
b. Control / compensatory mechanisms remaining fluid volume circulating as effectively as
examples: possible (temporary measures until the cause of the
2) Example of compensatory response problem gets fixed) :
to pathologic stressors if youve lost a lot a) heart rate would increased.
of blood b) also, arteries in your periphery (arms and legs)
would
constrict, shunting whatever blood volume is left to
the central areas
III. Pathophysiologic concepts & a. a condition or event that triggers a pathologic event
terminology or disorder ….
Precipitating factor? the “kick-off”
b. ex—“an asthma attack can be precipitated
by exertion”
Iatrogenic vs Nosocomial Iatrogenic : caused by medical tx
nosocomial : hospital acquired
III. Pathophysiologic concepts & predicted outcome of a dz based on certain factors
terminology usual course of dz
D. Terms relating to course of a
disease
Prognosis?
Aglia pain, painful condition
ectomy suffix denoting removal of an anatomical part
,hemorrhage hemorrhage- escape of blood from the intravascular
space. To bleed.
iasis iasis—suffix meaning state or condition.
ostomy suffix meaning artificial opening (stoma) into the urinary
or gastrointestinal tract or trachea
SO2 oxygen saturation (measured as percentage
otomy suffix meaning a cutting operation
plasty plasty- suffix referring to molding, shaping or the result
there of a surgical procedure.
scopy scopy- suffix referring to viewing or seeing
II. Genetic disorders 1.
A. Overview sickle cell inherited,
1. Examples of inherited vs free radicals> aginging> DNA damage> altered protein
spontaneous genetic disorders? synthesis> gene mutations> oncogenes develop>
2. What are 4 groupings of genetic cancer (spontaneous
disorders? 2. Mitochondrial, Multifactorial, Chromosomal, Single
gene
II. Genetic disorders 1. Mitochondria
A. Overview
3. Mitochondiral disorders
1. Where is DNA also found besides
Nucleus?
very uselss info tbh
, II. Genetic disorders 4. Combination of environment and inheritance
A. Overview components
4. Multifactorial genetic disorders? 4.1 lung cancer with smoke toxins & deranged genes>
4.1 Give examples of dz that are cancer & HTN, CAD, DM
multifactorial
II. Genetic disorders 1. any influence that can cause congenital defects
A. Overview (prebirth) like drugs, radiation, viruses, alcohol
4. Multifactorial disorders 2. Fetal alcohol syndrome & Thalidomide babies
C. Teratogenic disorders 2.1 Prego mom drinks alcohol, baby mutates & prego
1. What is teratogen? mom takes thalidomide drug,bby born with abnormal
2. What are 2 teratogenic disorders? limbs
2.1 Explain both
II. Genetic disorders 5.1 alteration to development or structure of
A. Overview chromosome
5. chromosomal disorders (AKA, 5.2 alters local genes, bad protein coding, different
chromosomal aberrations) phenotypes of disorders
5.1 What is it?
5.2 What does it lead to?
II. Genetic disorders A5b.1 Downsyndrome or Trisomy 21, s/s include
A. Overview mental retardation, low set ears, big tongue, epicanthic
5. chromosomal disorders (AKA, fold
chromosomal aberrations)
b. alteration to NUMBERS of
chromosomes:
A5b. What is a disorder example
dealing with chromosome numbers?
2. What is the glitch of previous
question & chrosome?
II. Genetic disorders 1. deleting duplication or rearrangment of gene sites
A. Overview (translocation) on chromosome
5. chromosomal disorders (AKA, 2. Translocation
chromosomal aberrations)
c. alterations to STRUCTURE of
chromosomes—Philadelphia
chromosome
1. What does this involve?
2. What happens to chromosome in
Philadelphia chromosomes?
II. Genetic disorders 1. autosomnal dominant, autosomal recessive, and
B. Single-gene disorders sexlinked
1. What 3 inherited disorders in
recognizable patterns?
Guide | Exam 1 & Exam 2 Practice
Questions 2026/2027
,II. Some basic physiologic concepts. 1. body temperature rises
B. Compensation and decompensation the hypothalamus senses the elevated core
b. Control / compensatory mechanisms temperature and sends a signal to the skin to produce
examples: sweat
1. Example of compensatory response heat loss occurs through evaporation. Dilation of the
to normal daily life stressor concept flow superficial blood vessels also occurs
chart map with elevated external as "heated blood" circulates from the core to the
temperature or exercise periphery
heat loss occurs through radiation (heat removed from
body into surrounding air).
II. Some basic physiologic concepts. (massive bleeding) or water (dehydration), the body
B. Compensation and decompensation uses certain compensatory techniques to keep
b. Control / compensatory mechanisms remaining fluid volume circulating as effectively as
examples: possible (temporary measures until the cause of the
2) Example of compensatory response problem gets fixed) :
to pathologic stressors if youve lost a lot a) heart rate would increased.
of blood b) also, arteries in your periphery (arms and legs)
would
constrict, shunting whatever blood volume is left to
the central areas
III. Pathophysiologic concepts & a. a condition or event that triggers a pathologic event
terminology or disorder ….
Precipitating factor? the “kick-off”
b. ex—“an asthma attack can be precipitated
by exertion”
Iatrogenic vs Nosocomial Iatrogenic : caused by medical tx
nosocomial : hospital acquired
III. Pathophysiologic concepts & predicted outcome of a dz based on certain factors
terminology usual course of dz
D. Terms relating to course of a
disease
Prognosis?
Aglia pain, painful condition
ectomy suffix denoting removal of an anatomical part
,hemorrhage hemorrhage- escape of blood from the intravascular
space. To bleed.
iasis iasis—suffix meaning state or condition.
ostomy suffix meaning artificial opening (stoma) into the urinary
or gastrointestinal tract or trachea
SO2 oxygen saturation (measured as percentage
otomy suffix meaning a cutting operation
plasty plasty- suffix referring to molding, shaping or the result
there of a surgical procedure.
scopy scopy- suffix referring to viewing or seeing
II. Genetic disorders 1.
A. Overview sickle cell inherited,
1. Examples of inherited vs free radicals> aginging> DNA damage> altered protein
spontaneous genetic disorders? synthesis> gene mutations> oncogenes develop>
2. What are 4 groupings of genetic cancer (spontaneous
disorders? 2. Mitochondrial, Multifactorial, Chromosomal, Single
gene
II. Genetic disorders 1. Mitochondria
A. Overview
3. Mitochondiral disorders
1. Where is DNA also found besides
Nucleus?
very uselss info tbh
, II. Genetic disorders 4. Combination of environment and inheritance
A. Overview components
4. Multifactorial genetic disorders? 4.1 lung cancer with smoke toxins & deranged genes>
4.1 Give examples of dz that are cancer & HTN, CAD, DM
multifactorial
II. Genetic disorders 1. any influence that can cause congenital defects
A. Overview (prebirth) like drugs, radiation, viruses, alcohol
4. Multifactorial disorders 2. Fetal alcohol syndrome & Thalidomide babies
C. Teratogenic disorders 2.1 Prego mom drinks alcohol, baby mutates & prego
1. What is teratogen? mom takes thalidomide drug,bby born with abnormal
2. What are 2 teratogenic disorders? limbs
2.1 Explain both
II. Genetic disorders 5.1 alteration to development or structure of
A. Overview chromosome
5. chromosomal disorders (AKA, 5.2 alters local genes, bad protein coding, different
chromosomal aberrations) phenotypes of disorders
5.1 What is it?
5.2 What does it lead to?
II. Genetic disorders A5b.1 Downsyndrome or Trisomy 21, s/s include
A. Overview mental retardation, low set ears, big tongue, epicanthic
5. chromosomal disorders (AKA, fold
chromosomal aberrations)
b. alteration to NUMBERS of
chromosomes:
A5b. What is a disorder example
dealing with chromosome numbers?
2. What is the glitch of previous
question & chrosome?
II. Genetic disorders 1. deleting duplication or rearrangment of gene sites
A. Overview (translocation) on chromosome
5. chromosomal disorders (AKA, 2. Translocation
chromosomal aberrations)
c. alterations to STRUCTURE of
chromosomes—Philadelphia
chromosome
1. What does this involve?
2. What happens to chromosome in
Philadelphia chromosomes?
II. Genetic disorders 1. autosomnal dominant, autosomal recessive, and
B. Single-gene disorders sexlinked
1. What 3 inherited disorders in
recognizable patterns?
