Pediatric Nursing: A Case-Based Approach
2nd Edition | Tagher & Knapp Test Bank --
Questions 1–200 with answers and
detailed rationales| Complete Review |
Questions and Answers | A+ Graded
, 1. An infant is hospitalized with bronchiolitis. Which intervention is most
appropriate?
A. Position on the side with neck slightly flexed
B. Administer antibiotics as ordered
C. Restrict oral and parenteral fluids if tachypneic
D. Give cool, humidified oxygen
ANSWER: D
Explanation: Cool, humidified oxygen is given to relieve dyspnea, hypoxemia,
and insensible fluid loss from tachypnea. The infant should be positioned with
the head and chest elevated at a 30- to 40-degree angle and the neck slightly
extended to maintain an open airway . The etiology of bronchiolitis is viral;
antibiotics are given only if there is a secondary bacterial infection. Tachypnea
increases insensible fluid loss, so fluids are given parenterally if the infant is
tachypneic .
2. An infant with bronchiolitis is hospitalized. The causative organism is
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). What type of isolation is required?
A. Reverse isolation
B. Airborne isolation
C. Contact Precautions
D. Standard Precautions only
,ANSWER: C
Explanation: RSV is transmitted through droplets. In addition to Standard
Precautions and hand washing, Contact Precautions are required. Caregivers
must use gloves and gowns when entering the room . Children are placed in a
private room or in a room with other children with RSV infections. Reverse
isolation focuses on keeping bacteria away from the infant; with RSV, other
children need protection from the virus. The virus is not airborne .
3. A child has a chronic cough and diffuse wheezing during the expiratory
phase of respiration. This suggests what condition?
A. Asthma
B. Pneumonia
C. Bronchiolitis
D. Foreign body in trachea
ANSWER: A
Explanation: Asthma may have chronic signs and symptoms of cough and
diffuse expiratory wheezing . Pneumonia appears with an acute onset, fever,
and general malaise. Bronchiolitis is an acute condition caused by RSV. Foreign
body in the trachea occurs with acute respiratory distress or failure and may
have stridor .
4. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for an infant with acute
bronchiolitis due to RSV?
, A. Activity Intolerance
B. Decreased Cardiac Output
C. Pain, Acute
D. Tissue Perfusion, Ineffective (peripheral)
ANSWER: A
Explanation: Activity intolerance is a problem because of the imbalance
between oxygen supply and demand. Cardiac output is not compromised during
an acute phase of bronchiolitis. Pain is not usually associated with acute
bronchiolitis. Tissue perfusion (peripheral) is not affected by this respiratory
disease process .
5. The nurse is caring for a child hospitalized for status asthmaticus. Which
assessment finding suggests the child's condition is worsening?
A. Hypoventilation
B. Thirst
C. Bradycardia
D. Clubbing
ANSWER: A
Explanation: The nurse would assess the child for signs of hypoxia, including
restlessness, fatigue, irritability, and increased heart and respiratory rate. As the
child tires from increased work of breathing, hypoventilation occurs, leading to
increased carbon dioxide levels . Thirst reflects hydration status. Bradycardia is
2nd Edition | Tagher & Knapp Test Bank --
Questions 1–200 with answers and
detailed rationales| Complete Review |
Questions and Answers | A+ Graded
, 1. An infant is hospitalized with bronchiolitis. Which intervention is most
appropriate?
A. Position on the side with neck slightly flexed
B. Administer antibiotics as ordered
C. Restrict oral and parenteral fluids if tachypneic
D. Give cool, humidified oxygen
ANSWER: D
Explanation: Cool, humidified oxygen is given to relieve dyspnea, hypoxemia,
and insensible fluid loss from tachypnea. The infant should be positioned with
the head and chest elevated at a 30- to 40-degree angle and the neck slightly
extended to maintain an open airway . The etiology of bronchiolitis is viral;
antibiotics are given only if there is a secondary bacterial infection. Tachypnea
increases insensible fluid loss, so fluids are given parenterally if the infant is
tachypneic .
2. An infant with bronchiolitis is hospitalized. The causative organism is
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). What type of isolation is required?
A. Reverse isolation
B. Airborne isolation
C. Contact Precautions
D. Standard Precautions only
,ANSWER: C
Explanation: RSV is transmitted through droplets. In addition to Standard
Precautions and hand washing, Contact Precautions are required. Caregivers
must use gloves and gowns when entering the room . Children are placed in a
private room or in a room with other children with RSV infections. Reverse
isolation focuses on keeping bacteria away from the infant; with RSV, other
children need protection from the virus. The virus is not airborne .
3. A child has a chronic cough and diffuse wheezing during the expiratory
phase of respiration. This suggests what condition?
A. Asthma
B. Pneumonia
C. Bronchiolitis
D. Foreign body in trachea
ANSWER: A
Explanation: Asthma may have chronic signs and symptoms of cough and
diffuse expiratory wheezing . Pneumonia appears with an acute onset, fever,
and general malaise. Bronchiolitis is an acute condition caused by RSV. Foreign
body in the trachea occurs with acute respiratory distress or failure and may
have stridor .
4. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for an infant with acute
bronchiolitis due to RSV?
, A. Activity Intolerance
B. Decreased Cardiac Output
C. Pain, Acute
D. Tissue Perfusion, Ineffective (peripheral)
ANSWER: A
Explanation: Activity intolerance is a problem because of the imbalance
between oxygen supply and demand. Cardiac output is not compromised during
an acute phase of bronchiolitis. Pain is not usually associated with acute
bronchiolitis. Tissue perfusion (peripheral) is not affected by this respiratory
disease process .
5. The nurse is caring for a child hospitalized for status asthmaticus. Which
assessment finding suggests the child's condition is worsening?
A. Hypoventilation
B. Thirst
C. Bradycardia
D. Clubbing
ANSWER: A
Explanation: The nurse would assess the child for signs of hypoxia, including
restlessness, fatigue, irritability, and increased heart and respiratory rate. As the
child tires from increased work of breathing, hypoventilation occurs, leading to
increased carbon dioxide levels . Thirst reflects hydration status. Bradycardia is
