SPLH 620 ALL COMPREHENSIVE ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔What are the two arteries that supply flood flow to the brain? Also what artery arrives
at the base of the brain? - ✔✔1. Common carotid arteries (outer)
2. Vertebral arteries (inner)
3. Internal carotid
✔✔What arteries does the internal carotid give rise to? What about what the
Vertebrobasilar arteries give rise to? - ✔✔1. Anterior cerebral artery, Middle cerebral
artery, Anterior communicating artery, Posterior communicating artery
2. Posterior cerebral artery
✔✔Study the blood supply pictures! - ✔✔STUDY
✔✔What does the MCA and ACA supply blood to? - ✔✔MCA: Most of the surface
(motor, sensory, language)
ACA: Medial brain
✔✔What do the vertebrobasilar arteries supply blood to? - ✔✔1. Entire brainstem
2. Cerebellum
✔✔What are the characteristics of the Circle of Willis? - ✔✔1. Joins the two arterial
systems
2. Allows bloodflow even with blockage
✔✔What do the posterior cerebral arteries supply blood to? PCA - ✔✔1. Inferior and
medial occipital lobes (visual cortex)
2. Posterior corpus callosum
3. Thalamus
4. Parts of midbrain
- Red nucleus
,✔✔X between blood vessels prevent Y when part of vascular supply is blocked. - ✔✔X=
Interconnections
Y=ischemia
✔✔MCA occlusion?
ACA damage?
PCA occlusion? - ✔✔1. MCA: MOTOR (Dysarthria), SENSORY,
LANGUAGE (Aphasia), APRAXIA of Speech,
2. ACA: • foot sensory and motor deficit,
3. PCA: • visual deficits
✔✔What are some of the deficits associated with MCA lesions? - ✔✔1. Contralateral
hemiplegia
2. Hypoesthesia (numbness on same side as motor loss)
3. Aphasia (if dominant hemisphere is affected)
✔✔What are some of the deficits associated with ACA lesions? - ✔✔1. Paralysis
(contralateral hemiplegia of leg only)
2. Cognitive and emotional changes (dementia)
3. Apraxia of gait
✔✔What are some deficits associated with PCA and
Vertibrobasilar lesions? - ✔✔1. Dyslexia
2. Hemianopia (loss of one half of vision field in each eye)
3. Visual agnosia (Intact vision, but cannot recognize objects)
✔✔What is an Embolism, Thrombosis, and Hemorrhagic stroke? - ✔✔E: - blockage of
artery from a traveling particle
- cholesterol, blood clot, bubble of air or other gas, a piece of tissue or tumor, a clump of
bacteria, bone marrow
T: - blockage due to clot within artery
- Stenosis: narrowing of artery
HS: • bursting of blood vessel in brain
• aneurysm - weak spot in artery wall
✔✔What is the difference between a Aneurysm
and a Hemorrhage? - ✔✔A: balloons of blood! Thining of arterial walls can be caused
by genetic or acquired disease.
H: internal bleeding. Loss of blood to other areas.
, ✔✔What is the most common stroke, Ischemic Stroke or Hemorrhagic stroke? -
✔✔Ischemic Stroke (87%) versus Hemorrhagic (13%)
✔✔What protects the brain from exterior
forces? - ✔✔1. Skull
2. Meninges
3. Cerebrospinal fluid
✔✔What are Meninges made of and what is their function? - ✔✔- 3 connective tissue
membranes covering the CNS
1. Dura mater (adheres to skull)
2. Arachnoid (middle) doesn't have bloody supply** CHECK!
3. Pia mater (covers surface of CNS)
- Function: Mechanical support
for brain and contains CSF
✔✔What are the right and left hemispheres known for/best at? - ✔✔L: analysis of
sequences of stimuli, skilled voluntary movements
R: analysis of space and geometric movements, and elements that are all present at the
same time
✔✔What is different in the anatomical structure of the left versus right side? - ✔✔•
Frontal and temporal lobes are larger in the language dominant hemisphere
• Also differences in the size of some populations of neurons in these regions
• Interconnection of the neurons higher in the area for language processing in the
dominant side
✔✔Speech and hearing requires what? - ✔✔higher cognitive processes
✔✔What are the characteristics of Broca's Aphasia? - ✔✔1. Slow, laborious speech
2. Non-fluent speech
3. Agrammatism (Impaired ability to use correct morphemes, sentence structures,
grammatical information)
4. Extreme difficulty with speech articulation
(+ comprehension, Repetition -, Naming -)
✔✔What are the characteristics of Wernicke's Aphasia? - ✔✔A form of aphasia
characterized by poor speech comprehension and fluent but
meaningless speech
1. Fluent
2. Poor comprehension
3. Repetition & Naming impaired (-)
✔✔What are the characteristics of Conduction Aphasia? - ✔✔Damage of arcuate
fasciculus
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔What are the two arteries that supply flood flow to the brain? Also what artery arrives
at the base of the brain? - ✔✔1. Common carotid arteries (outer)
2. Vertebral arteries (inner)
3. Internal carotid
✔✔What arteries does the internal carotid give rise to? What about what the
Vertebrobasilar arteries give rise to? - ✔✔1. Anterior cerebral artery, Middle cerebral
artery, Anterior communicating artery, Posterior communicating artery
2. Posterior cerebral artery
✔✔Study the blood supply pictures! - ✔✔STUDY
✔✔What does the MCA and ACA supply blood to? - ✔✔MCA: Most of the surface
(motor, sensory, language)
ACA: Medial brain
✔✔What do the vertebrobasilar arteries supply blood to? - ✔✔1. Entire brainstem
2. Cerebellum
✔✔What are the characteristics of the Circle of Willis? - ✔✔1. Joins the two arterial
systems
2. Allows bloodflow even with blockage
✔✔What do the posterior cerebral arteries supply blood to? PCA - ✔✔1. Inferior and
medial occipital lobes (visual cortex)
2. Posterior corpus callosum
3. Thalamus
4. Parts of midbrain
- Red nucleus
,✔✔X between blood vessels prevent Y when part of vascular supply is blocked. - ✔✔X=
Interconnections
Y=ischemia
✔✔MCA occlusion?
ACA damage?
PCA occlusion? - ✔✔1. MCA: MOTOR (Dysarthria), SENSORY,
LANGUAGE (Aphasia), APRAXIA of Speech,
2. ACA: • foot sensory and motor deficit,
3. PCA: • visual deficits
✔✔What are some of the deficits associated with MCA lesions? - ✔✔1. Contralateral
hemiplegia
2. Hypoesthesia (numbness on same side as motor loss)
3. Aphasia (if dominant hemisphere is affected)
✔✔What are some of the deficits associated with ACA lesions? - ✔✔1. Paralysis
(contralateral hemiplegia of leg only)
2. Cognitive and emotional changes (dementia)
3. Apraxia of gait
✔✔What are some deficits associated with PCA and
Vertibrobasilar lesions? - ✔✔1. Dyslexia
2. Hemianopia (loss of one half of vision field in each eye)
3. Visual agnosia (Intact vision, but cannot recognize objects)
✔✔What is an Embolism, Thrombosis, and Hemorrhagic stroke? - ✔✔E: - blockage of
artery from a traveling particle
- cholesterol, blood clot, bubble of air or other gas, a piece of tissue or tumor, a clump of
bacteria, bone marrow
T: - blockage due to clot within artery
- Stenosis: narrowing of artery
HS: • bursting of blood vessel in brain
• aneurysm - weak spot in artery wall
✔✔What is the difference between a Aneurysm
and a Hemorrhage? - ✔✔A: balloons of blood! Thining of arterial walls can be caused
by genetic or acquired disease.
H: internal bleeding. Loss of blood to other areas.
, ✔✔What is the most common stroke, Ischemic Stroke or Hemorrhagic stroke? -
✔✔Ischemic Stroke (87%) versus Hemorrhagic (13%)
✔✔What protects the brain from exterior
forces? - ✔✔1. Skull
2. Meninges
3. Cerebrospinal fluid
✔✔What are Meninges made of and what is their function? - ✔✔- 3 connective tissue
membranes covering the CNS
1. Dura mater (adheres to skull)
2. Arachnoid (middle) doesn't have bloody supply** CHECK!
3. Pia mater (covers surface of CNS)
- Function: Mechanical support
for brain and contains CSF
✔✔What are the right and left hemispheres known for/best at? - ✔✔L: analysis of
sequences of stimuli, skilled voluntary movements
R: analysis of space and geometric movements, and elements that are all present at the
same time
✔✔What is different in the anatomical structure of the left versus right side? - ✔✔•
Frontal and temporal lobes are larger in the language dominant hemisphere
• Also differences in the size of some populations of neurons in these regions
• Interconnection of the neurons higher in the area for language processing in the
dominant side
✔✔Speech and hearing requires what? - ✔✔higher cognitive processes
✔✔What are the characteristics of Broca's Aphasia? - ✔✔1. Slow, laborious speech
2. Non-fluent speech
3. Agrammatism (Impaired ability to use correct morphemes, sentence structures,
grammatical information)
4. Extreme difficulty with speech articulation
(+ comprehension, Repetition -, Naming -)
✔✔What are the characteristics of Wernicke's Aphasia? - ✔✔A form of aphasia
characterized by poor speech comprehension and fluent but
meaningless speech
1. Fluent
2. Poor comprehension
3. Repetition & Naming impaired (-)
✔✔What are the characteristics of Conduction Aphasia? - ✔✔Damage of arcuate
fasciculus
