Jarvis HA Ch 23 Neurologic System
Jarvis HA Ch 23 Neurologic System Q&A
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_42xte3
1. Nervous systems 2 divisions Central nervous system (CNS), which includes brain and spinal
cord
Peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes all nerve fibers
outside brain and spinal cord
2. Peripheral nervous system Includes 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves, and
all their branches, and afferent and efferent messages
3. Afferent Message sensory messages to CNS from sensory receptors
4. Efferent Message Motor messages from CNS to muscles and glands, as well as au-
tonomic messages that govern internal organs and blood vessels
5. CNS Contains the cerebral cortex which is center of functions governing
thought, memory, reasoning, sensation, and voluntary movement
6. Cerebral Hemispheres Left = dominant side (95%)
7. Lobes Frontal - controls personality, behavior, emotions, and intellectual
functions
Parietal- primary center for sensations
Occipital- primary visual receptor center
Temporal- primary auditory receptor, which functions with hearing,
taste and smell
Actualstudy 1 of 18
, Jarvis HA Ch 23 Neurologic System
Jarvis HA Ch 23 Neurologic System Q&A
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_42xte3
8. Wernicke's area in temporal lobe associated with language comprehension.
When damaged in the person's dominant hemisphere, receptive
aphasia results; person hears sound, but it has no meaning, like
hearing a foreign language
9. Broca's area in frontal lobe mediates motor speech
When injured in dominant hemisphere, expressive aphasia results;
person cannot talk; person can understand language and knows
what they want to say, but can produce only garbled sound
10. Basal Ganglia help initiate and coordinate movement and control automatic as-
sociated movements of the body (arm swinging while walking)
11. Thalamus Main relay station where the sensory pathways of the spinal cord,
cerebellum, basal ganglia, and brainstem form synapses on their
way to the cerebral cortex
12. Hypothalamus Major respiratory center with basic vital functions; temperature,
appetite, sex drive, heart rate, and blood pressure
13. Pituitary gland controls sleep
14. Cerebellum Controls motor coordinations of voluntary movements, equilibri-
um, and muscle tone (playing a piano, swimming)
15. Spinal cord Long cylindrical structure of nervous tissue that occupies upper two
thirds of vertebral canal from medulla to lumbar vertebrae L1 to L2
Main highway for ascending and descending fiber tracts that con-
nect the brain to spinal nerves, and it mediates reflexes
16. Sensory Pathways
Actualstudy 2 of 18
, Jarvis HA Ch 23 Neurologic System
Jarvis HA Ch 23 Neurologic System Q&A
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_42xte3
Millions of sensory receptors are embroidered into skin, mu-
cous membranes, muscles, tendons, and viscera. They monitor
conscious sensation, internal organ functions, body position, and
reflexes. Sensation travels in afferent fibers in peripheral nerve,
through posterior (dorsal) root, and into spinal cord
17. Spinothalamic tract Sensory Pathway
Contains sensory fibers that transmit sensations of pain, tempera-
ture, and crude or light touch
Fibers enter dorsal root of spinal cord and synapse with a second
sensory neuron and at the thalamus, fibers synapse with third
sensory neuron, carrying message to sensory cortex for full inter-
pretation
18. Posterior columns These fibers conduct sensations of position, vibration, and finely
localized touch
19. Motor Pathways Corticospinal or pyramidal tract fibers mediate voluntary move-
ment, particularly very skilled, discrete, purposeful movements,
such as writing.
Motor nerve fibers travel to brain stem crossing to opposite, con-
tralateral side, (pyramidal decussation) and then pass down in
lateral column of spinal cord
Actualstudy 3 of 18
Jarvis HA Ch 23 Neurologic System Q&A
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_42xte3
1. Nervous systems 2 divisions Central nervous system (CNS), which includes brain and spinal
cord
Peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes all nerve fibers
outside brain and spinal cord
2. Peripheral nervous system Includes 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves, and
all their branches, and afferent and efferent messages
3. Afferent Message sensory messages to CNS from sensory receptors
4. Efferent Message Motor messages from CNS to muscles and glands, as well as au-
tonomic messages that govern internal organs and blood vessels
5. CNS Contains the cerebral cortex which is center of functions governing
thought, memory, reasoning, sensation, and voluntary movement
6. Cerebral Hemispheres Left = dominant side (95%)
7. Lobes Frontal - controls personality, behavior, emotions, and intellectual
functions
Parietal- primary center for sensations
Occipital- primary visual receptor center
Temporal- primary auditory receptor, which functions with hearing,
taste and smell
Actualstudy 1 of 18
, Jarvis HA Ch 23 Neurologic System
Jarvis HA Ch 23 Neurologic System Q&A
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_42xte3
8. Wernicke's area in temporal lobe associated with language comprehension.
When damaged in the person's dominant hemisphere, receptive
aphasia results; person hears sound, but it has no meaning, like
hearing a foreign language
9. Broca's area in frontal lobe mediates motor speech
When injured in dominant hemisphere, expressive aphasia results;
person cannot talk; person can understand language and knows
what they want to say, but can produce only garbled sound
10. Basal Ganglia help initiate and coordinate movement and control automatic as-
sociated movements of the body (arm swinging while walking)
11. Thalamus Main relay station where the sensory pathways of the spinal cord,
cerebellum, basal ganglia, and brainstem form synapses on their
way to the cerebral cortex
12. Hypothalamus Major respiratory center with basic vital functions; temperature,
appetite, sex drive, heart rate, and blood pressure
13. Pituitary gland controls sleep
14. Cerebellum Controls motor coordinations of voluntary movements, equilibri-
um, and muscle tone (playing a piano, swimming)
15. Spinal cord Long cylindrical structure of nervous tissue that occupies upper two
thirds of vertebral canal from medulla to lumbar vertebrae L1 to L2
Main highway for ascending and descending fiber tracts that con-
nect the brain to spinal nerves, and it mediates reflexes
16. Sensory Pathways
Actualstudy 2 of 18
, Jarvis HA Ch 23 Neurologic System
Jarvis HA Ch 23 Neurologic System Q&A
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_42xte3
Millions of sensory receptors are embroidered into skin, mu-
cous membranes, muscles, tendons, and viscera. They monitor
conscious sensation, internal organ functions, body position, and
reflexes. Sensation travels in afferent fibers in peripheral nerve,
through posterior (dorsal) root, and into spinal cord
17. Spinothalamic tract Sensory Pathway
Contains sensory fibers that transmit sensations of pain, tempera-
ture, and crude or light touch
Fibers enter dorsal root of spinal cord and synapse with a second
sensory neuron and at the thalamus, fibers synapse with third
sensory neuron, carrying message to sensory cortex for full inter-
pretation
18. Posterior columns These fibers conduct sensations of position, vibration, and finely
localized touch
19. Motor Pathways Corticospinal or pyramidal tract fibers mediate voluntary move-
ment, particularly very skilled, discrete, purposeful movements,
such as writing.
Motor nerve fibers travel to brain stem crossing to opposite, con-
tralateral side, (pyramidal decussation) and then pass down in
lateral column of spinal cord
Actualstudy 3 of 18
