WGU D426 DATA MANAGEMENT
FOUNDATIONS FINAL EXAM PREP
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which normal form is reached when a relation is in 2NF and all transitive dependencies
have been removed?
A. Third Normal Form (3NF)
B. First Normal Form (1NF)
C. Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
D. Fourth Normal Form (4NF)
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Third Normal Form (3NF) requires a table to be in 2NF and
ensure that no non-prime attribute is transitively dependent on the primary key.
2. In a Crow’s Foot ERD, what does a circle near the end of a relationship line indicate?
A. A mandatory relationship
B. A many-to-many relationship
C. An optional relationship (modality of 0)
,D. A recursive relationship
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: In Crow’s Foot notation, a circle indicates a minimum cardinality
of zero, meaning the relationship is optional.
3. Which SQL command is used to remove all records from a table without deleting the table
structure itself, and is classified as Data Definition Language (DDL)?
A. DELETE
B. DROP
C. TRUNCATE
D. REMOVE
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: TRUNCATE is a DDL command that removes all rows from a
table, reset identity values, and is faster than DELETE.
4. Which property of ACID ensures that a transaction is treated as a single unit, which either
succeeds completely or fails completely?
A. Isolation
B. Consistency
C. Atomicity
D. Durability
, Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Atomicity ensures that all operations within a transaction are
completed; if not, the transaction is aborted and rolled back.
5. A relation is in Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) if and only if:
A. It is in 3NF and has no multi-valued dependencies.
B. It is in 3NF and every determinant is a candidate key.
C. It is in 2NF and has no partial dependencies.
D. It has a composite primary key.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: BCNF is a stricter version of 3NF where every determinant must
be a candidate key.
6. Which type of JOIN returns all records when there is a match in either left or right table
records?
A. INNER JOIN
B. LEFT JOIN
C. FULL OUTER JOIN
D. RIGHT JOIN
Answer: C
FOUNDATIONS FINAL EXAM PREP
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which normal form is reached when a relation is in 2NF and all transitive dependencies
have been removed?
A. Third Normal Form (3NF)
B. First Normal Form (1NF)
C. Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
D. Fourth Normal Form (4NF)
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Third Normal Form (3NF) requires a table to be in 2NF and
ensure that no non-prime attribute is transitively dependent on the primary key.
2. In a Crow’s Foot ERD, what does a circle near the end of a relationship line indicate?
A. A mandatory relationship
B. A many-to-many relationship
C. An optional relationship (modality of 0)
,D. A recursive relationship
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: In Crow’s Foot notation, a circle indicates a minimum cardinality
of zero, meaning the relationship is optional.
3. Which SQL command is used to remove all records from a table without deleting the table
structure itself, and is classified as Data Definition Language (DDL)?
A. DELETE
B. DROP
C. TRUNCATE
D. REMOVE
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: TRUNCATE is a DDL command that removes all rows from a
table, reset identity values, and is faster than DELETE.
4. Which property of ACID ensures that a transaction is treated as a single unit, which either
succeeds completely or fails completely?
A. Isolation
B. Consistency
C. Atomicity
D. Durability
, Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Atomicity ensures that all operations within a transaction are
completed; if not, the transaction is aborted and rolled back.
5. A relation is in Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) if and only if:
A. It is in 3NF and has no multi-valued dependencies.
B. It is in 3NF and every determinant is a candidate key.
C. It is in 2NF and has no partial dependencies.
D. It has a composite primary key.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: BCNF is a stricter version of 3NF where every determinant must
be a candidate key.
6. Which type of JOIN returns all records when there is a match in either left or right table
records?
A. INNER JOIN
B. LEFT JOIN
C. FULL OUTER JOIN
D. RIGHT JOIN
Answer: C
