WGU D426 DATA MANAGEMENT
FOUNDATIONS ADVANCED PRACTICE
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which normal form is reached when all partial functional dependencies have been
removed?
A. First Normal Form (1NF)
B. Second Normal Form (2NF)
C. Third Normal Form (3NF)
D. Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Second Normal Form (2NF) requires that the table is in 1NF and
all non-key attributes are fully functionally dependent on the entire primary key, thereby
removing partial dependencies.
2. In an Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) using Crow’s Foot notation, what does a circle near
an entity represent?
A. A minimum cardinality of zero (optional)
,B. A maximum cardinality of many
C. A minimum cardinality of one (mandatory)
D. A unique identifier constraint
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: In Crow’s Foot notation, a circle indicates that the relationship is
optional, meaning the minimum cardinality is zero.
3. Which SQL clause is used to filter the results of an aggregate function?
A. WHERE
B. ORDER BY
C. GROUP BY
D. HAVING
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The HAVING clause is used specifically to filter groups created
by the GROUP BY clause based on aggregate values, whereas WHERE filters individual rows
before grouping.
4. What type of relationship exists between a ‘Book’ entity and an ‘Author’ entity if a book
can have multiple authors and an author can write multiple books?
A. One-to-One (1:1)
B. Many-to-Many (M:N)
, C. One-to-Many (1:M)
D. Unary relationship
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Since both sides can have multiple associations with the other, it
is a Many-to-Many relationship, which typically requires a bridge table in a relational
implementation.
5. Which attribute type can be divided into smaller sub-parts, such as an address being split
into street, city, and zip code?
A. Simple attribute
B. Composite attribute
C. Multi-valued attribute
D. Derived attribute
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: A composite attribute is an attribute that can be further
subdivided into meaningful sub-components.
6. What is the primary purpose of a Foreign Key in a relational database?
A. To uniquely identify each record in a table
B. To ensure data is sorted alphabetically
C. To calculate values from other columns
FOUNDATIONS ADVANCED PRACTICE
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which normal form is reached when all partial functional dependencies have been
removed?
A. First Normal Form (1NF)
B. Second Normal Form (2NF)
C. Third Normal Form (3NF)
D. Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Second Normal Form (2NF) requires that the table is in 1NF and
all non-key attributes are fully functionally dependent on the entire primary key, thereby
removing partial dependencies.
2. In an Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) using Crow’s Foot notation, what does a circle near
an entity represent?
A. A minimum cardinality of zero (optional)
,B. A maximum cardinality of many
C. A minimum cardinality of one (mandatory)
D. A unique identifier constraint
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: In Crow’s Foot notation, a circle indicates that the relationship is
optional, meaning the minimum cardinality is zero.
3. Which SQL clause is used to filter the results of an aggregate function?
A. WHERE
B. ORDER BY
C. GROUP BY
D. HAVING
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The HAVING clause is used specifically to filter groups created
by the GROUP BY clause based on aggregate values, whereas WHERE filters individual rows
before grouping.
4. What type of relationship exists between a ‘Book’ entity and an ‘Author’ entity if a book
can have multiple authors and an author can write multiple books?
A. One-to-One (1:1)
B. Many-to-Many (M:N)
, C. One-to-Many (1:M)
D. Unary relationship
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Since both sides can have multiple associations with the other, it
is a Many-to-Many relationship, which typically requires a bridge table in a relational
implementation.
5. Which attribute type can be divided into smaller sub-parts, such as an address being split
into street, city, and zip code?
A. Simple attribute
B. Composite attribute
C. Multi-valued attribute
D. Derived attribute
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: A composite attribute is an attribute that can be further
subdivided into meaningful sub-components.
6. What is the primary purpose of a Foreign Key in a relational database?
A. To uniquely identify each record in a table
B. To ensure data is sorted alphabetically
C. To calculate values from other columns
