BIO
,L331/BIOL 331 Module 2 Pathophysiology
1. A cell biologist is studying the regulation of the cell cycle and identifies a phase where the cell
enlarges and synthesizes RNA and proteins in preparation for DNA replication. Which phase is being
described?
A) G1 phase
B) S phase
C) G2 phase
D) M phase
Correct Answer: G1 phase
Rationale: The G1 phase is characterized by cell enlargement and RNA/protein synthesis in
preparation for DNA synthesis. The S phase involves DNA synthesis, the G2 phase continues
RNA/protein synthesis after DNA replication, and the M phase is mitosis, making them incorrect.
2. During a laboratory experiment, a cell is observed to be actively replicating its DNA, producing two
separate sets of chromosomes. Which phase of the cell cycle is this cell in?
A) G1 phase
B) S phase
C) G2 phase
D) M phase
,Correct Answer: S phase
Rationale: The S phase is the DNA synthesis phase where chromosomes are replicated. The G1 phase
is a growth phase before DNA synthesis, the G2 phase occurs after DNA replication, and the M phase
is mitosis, making them incorrect.
3. A researcher notes that a cell has completed DNA synthesis and is now checking for errors while
continuing RNA and protein synthesis. Which cell cycle phase is this?
A) G1 phase
B) S phase
C) G2 phase
D) M phase
Correct Answer: G2 phase
Rationale: The G2 phase occurs after DNA synthesis, where the cell checks for errors and continues
RNA/protein synthesis. The G1 phase precedes DNA synthesis, the S phase is DNA replication, and the
M phase is mitosis, making them incorrect.
4. A cell that has temporarily exited the cell cycle and is not actively preparing for division is in which
phase?
A) G0 phase
B) G1 phase
C) S phase
, D) G2 phase
Correct Answer: G0 phase
Rationale: The G0 phase is a resting phase where cells exit the cell cycle. The G1, S, and G2 phases are
all active phases of the cell cycle, making them incorrect for a cell that has exited the cycle.
5. Which cellular process refers to the programmed death of old, damaged, or unwanted cells?
A) Necrosis
B) Apoptosis
C) Proliferation
D) Differentiation
Correct Answer: Apoptosis
Rationale: Apoptosis is programmed cell death that eliminates old, damaged, or unwanted cells.
Necrosis is uncontrolled cell death, proliferation is cell division, and differentiation is specialization,
making them incorrect.
6. A cell biologist is studying how cells become more specialized in structure and function with each
mitotic division. Which process is being examined?
A) Proliferation
B) Differentiation
,L331/BIOL 331 Module 2 Pathophysiology
1. A cell biologist is studying the regulation of the cell cycle and identifies a phase where the cell
enlarges and synthesizes RNA and proteins in preparation for DNA replication. Which phase is being
described?
A) G1 phase
B) S phase
C) G2 phase
D) M phase
Correct Answer: G1 phase
Rationale: The G1 phase is characterized by cell enlargement and RNA/protein synthesis in
preparation for DNA synthesis. The S phase involves DNA synthesis, the G2 phase continues
RNA/protein synthesis after DNA replication, and the M phase is mitosis, making them incorrect.
2. During a laboratory experiment, a cell is observed to be actively replicating its DNA, producing two
separate sets of chromosomes. Which phase of the cell cycle is this cell in?
A) G1 phase
B) S phase
C) G2 phase
D) M phase
,Correct Answer: S phase
Rationale: The S phase is the DNA synthesis phase where chromosomes are replicated. The G1 phase
is a growth phase before DNA synthesis, the G2 phase occurs after DNA replication, and the M phase
is mitosis, making them incorrect.
3. A researcher notes that a cell has completed DNA synthesis and is now checking for errors while
continuing RNA and protein synthesis. Which cell cycle phase is this?
A) G1 phase
B) S phase
C) G2 phase
D) M phase
Correct Answer: G2 phase
Rationale: The G2 phase occurs after DNA synthesis, where the cell checks for errors and continues
RNA/protein synthesis. The G1 phase precedes DNA synthesis, the S phase is DNA replication, and the
M phase is mitosis, making them incorrect.
4. A cell that has temporarily exited the cell cycle and is not actively preparing for division is in which
phase?
A) G0 phase
B) G1 phase
C) S phase
, D) G2 phase
Correct Answer: G0 phase
Rationale: The G0 phase is a resting phase where cells exit the cell cycle. The G1, S, and G2 phases are
all active phases of the cell cycle, making them incorrect for a cell that has exited the cycle.
5. Which cellular process refers to the programmed death of old, damaged, or unwanted cells?
A) Necrosis
B) Apoptosis
C) Proliferation
D) Differentiation
Correct Answer: Apoptosis
Rationale: Apoptosis is programmed cell death that eliminates old, damaged, or unwanted cells.
Necrosis is uncontrolled cell death, proliferation is cell division, and differentiation is specialization,
making them incorrect.
6. A cell biologist is studying how cells become more specialized in structure and function with each
mitotic division. Which process is being examined?
A) Proliferation
B) Differentiation
