,TEST BANK Talaro's Foundations in Microbiology
(12TH ED) by Barry Chess
1. Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells?
A) Prokaryotes have a nucleus
B) *Prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus
C) Prokaryotes have mitochondria
D) Prokaryotes are always multicellular
Answer: B
Rationale: Prokaryotes have no true nucleus; their DNA is not enclosed by a
membrane.
2. The cell wall of most bacteria is composed of:
A) Cellulose
B) Chitin
C) *Peptidoglycan
D) Lignin
Answer: C
Rationale: Peptidoglycan (murein) is the polymer of sugars and amino acids that
forms bacterial cell walls.
,3. Which of the following is a Gram-positive bacterium?
A) Escherichia coli
B) *Staphylococcus aureus
C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
D) Salmonella enterica
Answer: B
Rationale: S. aureus is Gram-positive, with a thick peptidoglycan layer and no
outer membrane.
4. The primary function of bacterial flagella is:
A) Attachment
B) *Motility
C) Reproduction
D) Protection
Answer: B
Rationale: Flagella are tail-like appendages used for movement.
5. Which structure allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces?
A) Flagella
B) *Pili (fimbriae)
C) Capsule
D) Endospore
, Answer: B
Rationale: Pili are hair-like appendages that mediate attachment to surfaces and
other cells.
6. Which of the following is a function of the bacterial capsule?
A) Motility
B) *Protection against phagocytosis
C) DNA transfer
D) Protein synthesis
Answer: B
Rationale: Capsules are polysaccharide layers that protect bacteria from being
engulfed by immune cells.
7. Endospores are produced by which genera?
A) Escherichia and Salmonella
B) *Bacillus and Clostridium
C) Streptococcus and Staphylococcus
D) Mycobacterium and Nocardia
Answer: B
Rationale: Endospores are dormant, highly resistant structures formed by Bacillus
and Clostridium.
(12TH ED) by Barry Chess
1. Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells?
A) Prokaryotes have a nucleus
B) *Prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus
C) Prokaryotes have mitochondria
D) Prokaryotes are always multicellular
Answer: B
Rationale: Prokaryotes have no true nucleus; their DNA is not enclosed by a
membrane.
2. The cell wall of most bacteria is composed of:
A) Cellulose
B) Chitin
C) *Peptidoglycan
D) Lignin
Answer: C
Rationale: Peptidoglycan (murein) is the polymer of sugars and amino acids that
forms bacterial cell walls.
,3. Which of the following is a Gram-positive bacterium?
A) Escherichia coli
B) *Staphylococcus aureus
C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
D) Salmonella enterica
Answer: B
Rationale: S. aureus is Gram-positive, with a thick peptidoglycan layer and no
outer membrane.
4. The primary function of bacterial flagella is:
A) Attachment
B) *Motility
C) Reproduction
D) Protection
Answer: B
Rationale: Flagella are tail-like appendages used for movement.
5. Which structure allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces?
A) Flagella
B) *Pili (fimbriae)
C) Capsule
D) Endospore
, Answer: B
Rationale: Pili are hair-like appendages that mediate attachment to surfaces and
other cells.
6. Which of the following is a function of the bacterial capsule?
A) Motility
B) *Protection against phagocytosis
C) DNA transfer
D) Protein synthesis
Answer: B
Rationale: Capsules are polysaccharide layers that protect bacteria from being
engulfed by immune cells.
7. Endospores are produced by which genera?
A) Escherichia and Salmonella
B) *Bacillus and Clostridium
C) Streptococcus and Staphylococcus
D) Mycobacterium and Nocardia
Answer: B
Rationale: Endospores are dormant, highly resistant structures formed by Bacillus
and Clostridium.
