🌌 Module 1: Biology (Cells and Body Systems)
Biology is the study of living things. This year focuses on how life works at a
microscopic level and how human body systems keep us alive.
Microscopic Life
● Cells: The basic building blocks of all living things.
● Cell Theory: All living things are made of cells, cells are the smallest unit of life,
and new cells come from existing cells.
● Organelles: Tiny parts inside a cell that have specific jobs.
● Plant vs. Animal Cells: Plant cells have a rigid cell wall and green
chloroplasts for making food. Animal cells do not have these.
Body Systems
Living things are organized by scale: Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ
Systems → Organism.
● Respiratory System: Takes in oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide. Key parts
include the trachea, bronchi, and alveoli (air sacs).
● Circulatory System: Moves blood, nutrients, and oxygen around the body.
Powered by the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries.
● Digestive System: Breaks down food into nutrients. Includes the mouth,
stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
● Excretory System: Removes waste from the body. Key organs are the kidneys,
which filter blood to make urine.
🪨 Module 2: Earth and Space Science (Geology)
Geology is the study of the Earth, its rocks, and how they change over time.
The Rock Cycle
Rocks are constantly changing from one type into another over millions of years through
melting, cooling, and pressure.
● Igneous Rocks: Formed when hot, molten rock (magma or lava) cools and
hardens. Example: Basalt, Granite.
● Sedimentary Rocks: Formed when layers of squashed mud, sand, and plant
bits pack tightly together over time. Example: Sandstone, Limestone.
Biology is the study of living things. This year focuses on how life works at a
microscopic level and how human body systems keep us alive.
Microscopic Life
● Cells: The basic building blocks of all living things.
● Cell Theory: All living things are made of cells, cells are the smallest unit of life,
and new cells come from existing cells.
● Organelles: Tiny parts inside a cell that have specific jobs.
● Plant vs. Animal Cells: Plant cells have a rigid cell wall and green
chloroplasts for making food. Animal cells do not have these.
Body Systems
Living things are organized by scale: Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ
Systems → Organism.
● Respiratory System: Takes in oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide. Key parts
include the trachea, bronchi, and alveoli (air sacs).
● Circulatory System: Moves blood, nutrients, and oxygen around the body.
Powered by the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries.
● Digestive System: Breaks down food into nutrients. Includes the mouth,
stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
● Excretory System: Removes waste from the body. Key organs are the kidneys,
which filter blood to make urine.
🪨 Module 2: Earth and Space Science (Geology)
Geology is the study of the Earth, its rocks, and how they change over time.
The Rock Cycle
Rocks are constantly changing from one type into another over millions of years through
melting, cooling, and pressure.
● Igneous Rocks: Formed when hot, molten rock (magma or lava) cools and
hardens. Example: Basalt, Granite.
● Sedimentary Rocks: Formed when layers of squashed mud, sand, and plant
bits pack tightly together over time. Example: Sandstone, Limestone.
