WGU D669 EARLY LITERACY METHODS –STUDY
GUIDE
SECTION ONE CARDS 2-50
Print Awareness - Answers - the understanding that printed text carries meaning,
including the recognition of words, letters, and the functions of various elements in a
book or written material
Letter Awareness - Answers - the understanding that letters are representations of
sounds
Book Awareness - Answers - the understanding of how books work, including concepts
such as reading from left to right, turning pages, and recognizing the front and back
covers
Word Awareness - Answers - the recognition and understanding of individual words as
distinct units of language, including their sounds, meanings, and spellings
Concepts About Print - Answers - the understanding of how printed materials, such as
books and other written texts, function and are structured
Phonological Awareness - Answers - the ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds
of spoken language, without necessarily understanding the meaning of the words
Phonemic Awareness - Answers - a subset of phonological awareness and specifically
refers to the ability to recognize and manipulate individual phonemes (speech sounds)
in spoken words
Syllables - Answers - units of sounds within words that contain a single vowel sound
and may/may not be followed by consonant sounds
Onset - Answers - the initial consonant or consonant cluster of a syllable that comes
before the vowel sound
Rime - Answers - the part of a syllable that consists of the vowel sounds and any
consonant sounds that follow it
Consonant - Answers - a speech sounds produced by obstructing the flow of air through
the vocal tract
Vowel - Answers - a speech sounds produced without significant constriction or closure
of the vocal tract
, Stops - Answers - consonant sounds produced by one push of breath and then stopping
the air (examples include: /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, and /g/)
Nasals - Answers - consonant sounds produced with the nasal passage open, allowing
air to escape through the nose (examples include: /n/, /m/, and /ng/)
Fricatives - Answers - consonant sounds produced by forcing air through a narrow
opening or passage in the vocal tract, creating friction (examples include: /f/, /v/, /s/, /z/,
/sh/, /zh/, and /th/)
Affricatives - Answers - consonant sounds that begin as stops but are released as
fricatives, which involves a brief stoppage of airflow followed by a slow release with
friction, such as the sounds /ch/ and /j/
Glides - Answers - consonant sounds that glide immediately into vowels (examples
include: /h/, /w/, and /y/)
Liquids - Answers - consonant sounds characterized by a partial closure of the vocal
tract, allowing for the relatively free flow of air (examples include: /l/ and /r/
Voiced - Answers - sounds produced with vibration of the vocal cords
Unvoiced - Answers - sounds produced without vibration of the vocal cords
Decoding - Answers - the process of using knowledge of letter sound relationships to
translate written symbols into spoken language and recognize words
Orthographic Mapping - Answers - the process by which individuals learn to recognize
and store the visual representations of words in their long-term memory, which requires
phonemic awareness, letter-sound knowledge and the mechanism for sight word
learning
Letter-Sound Correspondence - Answers - the relationship between written letters and
their associated spoken sounds, essential for decoding words in reading
Consonant Blends - Answers - a combination of two letters that represent a single
sound (phoneme), like "ch" or "oa"
Vowel Team - Answers - a pair or group of adjacent vowels that represent a single
sound (phoneme)
Dipthongs - Answers - complex vowel sounds that consist of a blend of two vowel
sounds within the same syllable
GUIDE
SECTION ONE CARDS 2-50
Print Awareness - Answers - the understanding that printed text carries meaning,
including the recognition of words, letters, and the functions of various elements in a
book or written material
Letter Awareness - Answers - the understanding that letters are representations of
sounds
Book Awareness - Answers - the understanding of how books work, including concepts
such as reading from left to right, turning pages, and recognizing the front and back
covers
Word Awareness - Answers - the recognition and understanding of individual words as
distinct units of language, including their sounds, meanings, and spellings
Concepts About Print - Answers - the understanding of how printed materials, such as
books and other written texts, function and are structured
Phonological Awareness - Answers - the ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds
of spoken language, without necessarily understanding the meaning of the words
Phonemic Awareness - Answers - a subset of phonological awareness and specifically
refers to the ability to recognize and manipulate individual phonemes (speech sounds)
in spoken words
Syllables - Answers - units of sounds within words that contain a single vowel sound
and may/may not be followed by consonant sounds
Onset - Answers - the initial consonant or consonant cluster of a syllable that comes
before the vowel sound
Rime - Answers - the part of a syllable that consists of the vowel sounds and any
consonant sounds that follow it
Consonant - Answers - a speech sounds produced by obstructing the flow of air through
the vocal tract
Vowel - Answers - a speech sounds produced without significant constriction or closure
of the vocal tract
, Stops - Answers - consonant sounds produced by one push of breath and then stopping
the air (examples include: /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, and /g/)
Nasals - Answers - consonant sounds produced with the nasal passage open, allowing
air to escape through the nose (examples include: /n/, /m/, and /ng/)
Fricatives - Answers - consonant sounds produced by forcing air through a narrow
opening or passage in the vocal tract, creating friction (examples include: /f/, /v/, /s/, /z/,
/sh/, /zh/, and /th/)
Affricatives - Answers - consonant sounds that begin as stops but are released as
fricatives, which involves a brief stoppage of airflow followed by a slow release with
friction, such as the sounds /ch/ and /j/
Glides - Answers - consonant sounds that glide immediately into vowels (examples
include: /h/, /w/, and /y/)
Liquids - Answers - consonant sounds characterized by a partial closure of the vocal
tract, allowing for the relatively free flow of air (examples include: /l/ and /r/
Voiced - Answers - sounds produced with vibration of the vocal cords
Unvoiced - Answers - sounds produced without vibration of the vocal cords
Decoding - Answers - the process of using knowledge of letter sound relationships to
translate written symbols into spoken language and recognize words
Orthographic Mapping - Answers - the process by which individuals learn to recognize
and store the visual representations of words in their long-term memory, which requires
phonemic awareness, letter-sound knowledge and the mechanism for sight word
learning
Letter-Sound Correspondence - Answers - the relationship between written letters and
their associated spoken sounds, essential for decoding words in reading
Consonant Blends - Answers - a combination of two letters that represent a single
sound (phoneme), like "ch" or "oa"
Vowel Team - Answers - a pair or group of adjacent vowels that represent a single
sound (phoneme)
Dipthongs - Answers - complex vowel sounds that consist of a blend of two vowel
sounds within the same syllable
