ABA 624 ACTUAL TEST PAPER GRADED
A+ QUESTIONS
◉ Sequence effects
Answer: The effects on a subject's behavior in a given condition
that are the result of the subject's experience with a prior
condition.
-when using reversal design to compare two or more treatments
are vulnerable to sequence effects
-recapaturing the original baseline levels of responding before
introducing the second treatment conditions reduces the threat of
sequence effects
◉ abcbc design
Answer: after baseline (A) initial treatment (B) is implemented
and little or no improvement is noted ]
-a second treatment (c) is tried next and bx improves
-a reversal is conducted by reintroducing the first treatment (B)
followed by reinstatement of the second treatment (C)
◉ noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) reversal technique
Answer: can show that behavior change is the result of contingent
reinforcement ( not simply the presentation of or contact with the
stimulus event
,-advantageous when it is not possible or appropriate to eliminate
completely the event or activity used as contingent reinforcement
- a potential weakness of NCR control procedure becomes
apparent when high rates of the desired behavior has been
produced during the preceding contingent rx phase
-using one of the two control techniques described next, both of
which involve "reversing" the behavioral focus of the contingency
◉ DRO reversal technique
Answer: -deliver rx immediately following the subjects
performance of any bx other than target bx
-the control condition consists of delivering the event suspected
of functioning as rx following the emission of any bx other than
the target bx
◉ DRI/DRA reversal technique
Answer: occurrences of a specified behavior that is either
incompatible with the target behavior or an alternative to the
target behavior are immediately followed by the same
consequence previously delivered as contingent reinforcement for
the target behavior
◉ Appropriateness of the Reversal Design
Answer: Advantages- Clear demonstration of functional
relationship; Quantifies amount of behavior change; Shows need
to program for maintenance
, Disadvantages- Irreversibility; Social, educational, and ethical
concerns
◉ educational and clinical issues
Answer: Instructional time lost during the reversal phases, as well
as the possibility that the behavioral improvements observed
during intervention may not be recaptured when treatment is
resumed after a return to baseline conditions.
◉ ethical concerns
Answer: -when the use of reversal design considered for
evaluating a treatment for sib or dangerous bxs
-withdrawing intervention associated with improvement is
unethical
◉ multi element design
Answer: An experimental design in which two or more conditions
(one of which may be a no-treatment control condition) are
presented in rapidly alternating succession (such as on
alternating sessions or days) independent of the level of
responding. Differences in responding between or among
conditions are attributed to the effects of the conditions. aka
alternating treatment designs
◉ operation and logic of the multielement design
Answer: -rapid alteration of two or more treatments
A+ QUESTIONS
◉ Sequence effects
Answer: The effects on a subject's behavior in a given condition
that are the result of the subject's experience with a prior
condition.
-when using reversal design to compare two or more treatments
are vulnerable to sequence effects
-recapaturing the original baseline levels of responding before
introducing the second treatment conditions reduces the threat of
sequence effects
◉ abcbc design
Answer: after baseline (A) initial treatment (B) is implemented
and little or no improvement is noted ]
-a second treatment (c) is tried next and bx improves
-a reversal is conducted by reintroducing the first treatment (B)
followed by reinstatement of the second treatment (C)
◉ noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) reversal technique
Answer: can show that behavior change is the result of contingent
reinforcement ( not simply the presentation of or contact with the
stimulus event
,-advantageous when it is not possible or appropriate to eliminate
completely the event or activity used as contingent reinforcement
- a potential weakness of NCR control procedure becomes
apparent when high rates of the desired behavior has been
produced during the preceding contingent rx phase
-using one of the two control techniques described next, both of
which involve "reversing" the behavioral focus of the contingency
◉ DRO reversal technique
Answer: -deliver rx immediately following the subjects
performance of any bx other than target bx
-the control condition consists of delivering the event suspected
of functioning as rx following the emission of any bx other than
the target bx
◉ DRI/DRA reversal technique
Answer: occurrences of a specified behavior that is either
incompatible with the target behavior or an alternative to the
target behavior are immediately followed by the same
consequence previously delivered as contingent reinforcement for
the target behavior
◉ Appropriateness of the Reversal Design
Answer: Advantages- Clear demonstration of functional
relationship; Quantifies amount of behavior change; Shows need
to program for maintenance
, Disadvantages- Irreversibility; Social, educational, and ethical
concerns
◉ educational and clinical issues
Answer: Instructional time lost during the reversal phases, as well
as the possibility that the behavioral improvements observed
during intervention may not be recaptured when treatment is
resumed after a return to baseline conditions.
◉ ethical concerns
Answer: -when the use of reversal design considered for
evaluating a treatment for sib or dangerous bxs
-withdrawing intervention associated with improvement is
unethical
◉ multi element design
Answer: An experimental design in which two or more conditions
(one of which may be a no-treatment control condition) are
presented in rapidly alternating succession (such as on
alternating sessions or days) independent of the level of
responding. Differences in responding between or among
conditions are attributed to the effects of the conditions. aka
alternating treatment designs
◉ operation and logic of the multielement design
Answer: -rapid alteration of two or more treatments
