AAOS EMT EXAM 2 FULLY SOLVED TEST PAPER
GRADED A+
◉ Anemia.
Answer: - abnormally low rbc's
- blood unable to deliver adequate amounts of o2 to tissues
- pulse ox may indicate adequate saturation, even though tissues are
hypoxic
◉ Endocrine system.
Answer: communication system that controls functions inside body
glands: secrete messenger hormones
hormones: affect end organs, tissues, cells
- disoders caused by internal communication problem
◉ Glucose metabolism.
Answer: - insulin needed for glucose to enter cells
- without enough insulin, cells can't be fed
,- pancreas produces glucagon and insulin
- in pancreas, islets of langerhans have:
alpha cells: produce glucagon
beta cells: produce insulin
- normal blood glucose: 80-120 mg/dL
◉ Diabetes mellitus.
Answer: - impairs body's ability to use glucose for fuel
- without treatment, blood glucose levels become too high
- complications include:
1. blindness
2. cardiovascular disease
3. peripheral vascular disease
4. infections
5. kidney failure
◉ Hypoglycemia.
,Answer: low blood glucose
- requires prompt treatment
◉ Diabetes Mellitus Type 1.
Answer: - autoimmune disorder where immune system produces
antibodies against pancreatic beta cells
- missing the hormone insulin
- without it, glucose cannot enter cell, cell cannot produce energy
- insulin must be obtained externally
- many people have an implanted insulin pump that measures
glucose levels and provides insulin
new onset symptoms:
- polyuria
- polydipsia
- weight loss
- fatigue
◉ Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus type 1.
, Answer: - when glucose unavailable to cells, body turns to burning
fat
- produces acid waste (ketones)
- when ketone levels in blood go up, it spills into urine
- kidney cannot maintain this acid/base balance
- patient breathes faster/deeper (kussmaul respirations) to move
co2
- if fat metabolism and ketone production continue, diabetic
ketoacidosis (DKA) can develop:
presents as:
abdominal pain
body aches
nausea
vomiting
altered LOC
if not treated, will lead to death (generally >400 mg/dL)
GRADED A+
◉ Anemia.
Answer: - abnormally low rbc's
- blood unable to deliver adequate amounts of o2 to tissues
- pulse ox may indicate adequate saturation, even though tissues are
hypoxic
◉ Endocrine system.
Answer: communication system that controls functions inside body
glands: secrete messenger hormones
hormones: affect end organs, tissues, cells
- disoders caused by internal communication problem
◉ Glucose metabolism.
Answer: - insulin needed for glucose to enter cells
- without enough insulin, cells can't be fed
,- pancreas produces glucagon and insulin
- in pancreas, islets of langerhans have:
alpha cells: produce glucagon
beta cells: produce insulin
- normal blood glucose: 80-120 mg/dL
◉ Diabetes mellitus.
Answer: - impairs body's ability to use glucose for fuel
- without treatment, blood glucose levels become too high
- complications include:
1. blindness
2. cardiovascular disease
3. peripheral vascular disease
4. infections
5. kidney failure
◉ Hypoglycemia.
,Answer: low blood glucose
- requires prompt treatment
◉ Diabetes Mellitus Type 1.
Answer: - autoimmune disorder where immune system produces
antibodies against pancreatic beta cells
- missing the hormone insulin
- without it, glucose cannot enter cell, cell cannot produce energy
- insulin must be obtained externally
- many people have an implanted insulin pump that measures
glucose levels and provides insulin
new onset symptoms:
- polyuria
- polydipsia
- weight loss
- fatigue
◉ Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus type 1.
, Answer: - when glucose unavailable to cells, body turns to burning
fat
- produces acid waste (ketones)
- when ketone levels in blood go up, it spills into urine
- kidney cannot maintain this acid/base balance
- patient breathes faster/deeper (kussmaul respirations) to move
co2
- if fat metabolism and ketone production continue, diabetic
ketoacidosis (DKA) can develop:
presents as:
abdominal pain
body aches
nausea
vomiting
altered LOC
if not treated, will lead to death (generally >400 mg/dL)
