AAOS EMT EXAM 2 EXAM SCRIPT WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ Blood made of 4 components.
Answer: 1. Red blood cells: contains hemoglobin, carries O2 to
tissues
2. White blood cells: immunologic response (fights infection,
parasites)
3: Platelets: clot formation aid
4: Plasma: transportation medium
◉ Sickle Cell Disease.
Answer: - inherited, affects RBC's
- mainly affects african, caribbean, south american
- misshapen RBC's lead to dysfunction in O2 binding and
unintentional clot formation
,Complications:
- anemia: not enough rbc's carry o2 to organs
- splenic dysfunction: rbcs clot the tiny blood vessels of the spleen
and damage it over time
- vascular occlusion with ischemia (blood vessels getting clogged
and o2/blood not delivered to organs):
- acute chest syndrome aka pneumonia
- stroke, joint necrosis (in hips), pain crises, acute/chronic organ
dysfunction, eye damage
◉ Hemophilia.
Answer: rare clotting disorder that affects mostly males (lives on x
chromosome)
- missing factor A
- decreased ability to create clot after injury
- patients can take meds that: replace missing clotting factors,
release stored clotting factors, prevent breakdown of formed blood
clots
,Complications include:
- long term joint problems because of inflammation/bleeding into
the joint space
- brain bleeding
- thrombosis due to treatment
◉ Thrombophilia.
Answer: - clotting disorder
- disorder in body's ability to maintain smooth flow of blood through
venous and arterial systems
- clots can spontaneously develop in blood of patient
◉ Deep vein thrombosis.
Answer: - common in sedentary patients and those who have had
recent injury or surgery
- methods to prevent:
, 1. blood thinning meds
2. compression stockings
3. mechanical devices
Treatment:
- anticoagulation therapy: prevents harmful clots from
forming/growing
-meds administered for 3 months after diagnosis of DVT
- clot can travel from lower extremity to the lung causing PE
◉ Anemia.
Answer: - abnormally low rbc's
- blood unable to deliver adequate amounts of o2 to tissues
- pulse ox may indicate adequate saturation, even though tissues are
hypoxic
◉ Endocrine system.
Answer: communication system that controls functions inside body
glands: secrete messenger hormones
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ Blood made of 4 components.
Answer: 1. Red blood cells: contains hemoglobin, carries O2 to
tissues
2. White blood cells: immunologic response (fights infection,
parasites)
3: Platelets: clot formation aid
4: Plasma: transportation medium
◉ Sickle Cell Disease.
Answer: - inherited, affects RBC's
- mainly affects african, caribbean, south american
- misshapen RBC's lead to dysfunction in O2 binding and
unintentional clot formation
,Complications:
- anemia: not enough rbc's carry o2 to organs
- splenic dysfunction: rbcs clot the tiny blood vessels of the spleen
and damage it over time
- vascular occlusion with ischemia (blood vessels getting clogged
and o2/blood not delivered to organs):
- acute chest syndrome aka pneumonia
- stroke, joint necrosis (in hips), pain crises, acute/chronic organ
dysfunction, eye damage
◉ Hemophilia.
Answer: rare clotting disorder that affects mostly males (lives on x
chromosome)
- missing factor A
- decreased ability to create clot after injury
- patients can take meds that: replace missing clotting factors,
release stored clotting factors, prevent breakdown of formed blood
clots
,Complications include:
- long term joint problems because of inflammation/bleeding into
the joint space
- brain bleeding
- thrombosis due to treatment
◉ Thrombophilia.
Answer: - clotting disorder
- disorder in body's ability to maintain smooth flow of blood through
venous and arterial systems
- clots can spontaneously develop in blood of patient
◉ Deep vein thrombosis.
Answer: - common in sedentary patients and those who have had
recent injury or surgery
- methods to prevent:
, 1. blood thinning meds
2. compression stockings
3. mechanical devices
Treatment:
- anticoagulation therapy: prevents harmful clots from
forming/growing
-meds administered for 3 months after diagnosis of DVT
- clot can travel from lower extremity to the lung causing PE
◉ Anemia.
Answer: - abnormally low rbc's
- blood unable to deliver adequate amounts of o2 to tissues
- pulse ox may indicate adequate saturation, even though tissues are
hypoxic
◉ Endocrine system.
Answer: communication system that controls functions inside body
glands: secrete messenger hormones
