EMT EMERGENCY CARE TEST PAPER ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Activated Charcoal: Mechanism of Action - ✔✔Adsorbs certain ingested poisons in
the GI tract to decrease systemic absorption.
✔✔Activated Charcoal: Key Contraindications - ✔✔Unprotected airway, inability to
swallow, altered mental status, or ingestion of caustics, metals, or alcohols.
✔✔Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Symptoms - ✔✔Lower abdominal/pelvic pain,
fever, abnormal vaginal discharge, pain during intercourse, and pelvic tenderness.
✔✔Endometriosis: Pathophysiology - ✔✔Ectopic growth of tissue similar to uterine
lining outside the uterus, causing inflammation, pain, and bleeding.
✔✔Visceral vs. Parietal Pain - ✔✔Visceral pain comes from organs (dull, aching, poorly
localized); parietal pain comes from abdominal lining (sharp, localized).
✔✔Referred Pain: Definition - ✔✔Pain perceived in a location different from the actual
site of origin/organ dysfunction.
✔✔Peritonitis: Classic Signs - ✔✔Severe abdominal pain, tenderness, rebound
tenderness, rigid/board-like abdomen, guarding, and fever.
✔✔Retroperitoneal Structures - ✔✔Organs behind the peritoneal cavity: kidneys,
adrenal glands, ureters, pancreas, duodenum, aorta, and IVC.
✔✔Kidney Stones: Classic Pain Pattern - ✔✔Severe flank pain that radiates down
toward the groin, often accompanied by hematuria and nausea.
✔✔Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Progression Warning - ✔✔A lower UTI causes
dysuria/frequency; progression to pyelonephritis (kidney infection) causes fever and
flank pain.
, ✔✔Behavioral Emergencies: Golden Rule of Assessment - ✔✔Never assume abnormal
behavior is purely psychiatric; always rule out underlying medical causes (e.g., hypoxia,
hypoglycemia).
✔✔Delirium Tremens (DTs): Definition - ✔✔A severe, life-threatening form of alcohol
withdrawal featuring confusion, agitation, tremors, fever, sweating, and seizures.
✔✔Huffing/Inhalant Abuse: Cardiac Hazard - ✔✔Inhalants sensitize the myocardium,
making sudden fatal cardiac dysrhythmias possible with exertion or stress.
✔✔Drowning: Primary Physiological Problem - ✔✔Hypoxia resulting from submersion or
immersion in liquid.
✔✔Water Emergency Rescue Sequence - ✔✔Reach, Throw, Row, Go (Go into water
only when trained and equipped).
✔✔Shallow-Water Diving Injury: High-Risk Condition - ✔✔Cervical spinal cord injury
due to direct impact of the head on the bottom.
✔✔Hypothermia Care: Physical Handling Rule - ✔✔Handle severely hypothermic
patients gently; rough movement can precipitate ventricular fibrillation.
✔✔Frostbite Management: Key Don'ts - ✔✔Do not rub or massage affected tissue, and
do not pop blisters.
✔✔Decompression Sickness: Cause - ✔✔Rapid ascent while diving, causing dissolved
nitrogen gas to form bubbles in tissue and blood.
✔✔Multiple Lightning Strike Victims: Triage Exception - ✔✔Reverse triage applies:
prioritize victims in cardiac/respiratory arrest first as they have high resuscitation
potential.
✔✔Markle Test (Heel Drop): Purpose - ✔✔Assess for abdominal/peritoneal irritation by
having the patient drop from toes onto heels to reproduce localized pain.
✔✔Paranoia: EMT Approach - ✔✔Remain calm, maintain distance, avoid sudden
movements, explain actions clearly, and do not argue about delusions.
✔✔Schizophrenia: Key Features - ✔✔Characterized by hallucinations, delusions,
disorganized speech and thinking, social withdrawal, and abnormal behavior.
✔✔Substance Tolerance vs. Dependence - ✔✔Tolerance requires higher doses for
effect; dependence is physical adaptation leading to withdrawal symptoms when
stopped.
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Activated Charcoal: Mechanism of Action - ✔✔Adsorbs certain ingested poisons in
the GI tract to decrease systemic absorption.
✔✔Activated Charcoal: Key Contraindications - ✔✔Unprotected airway, inability to
swallow, altered mental status, or ingestion of caustics, metals, or alcohols.
✔✔Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Symptoms - ✔✔Lower abdominal/pelvic pain,
fever, abnormal vaginal discharge, pain during intercourse, and pelvic tenderness.
✔✔Endometriosis: Pathophysiology - ✔✔Ectopic growth of tissue similar to uterine
lining outside the uterus, causing inflammation, pain, and bleeding.
✔✔Visceral vs. Parietal Pain - ✔✔Visceral pain comes from organs (dull, aching, poorly
localized); parietal pain comes from abdominal lining (sharp, localized).
✔✔Referred Pain: Definition - ✔✔Pain perceived in a location different from the actual
site of origin/organ dysfunction.
✔✔Peritonitis: Classic Signs - ✔✔Severe abdominal pain, tenderness, rebound
tenderness, rigid/board-like abdomen, guarding, and fever.
✔✔Retroperitoneal Structures - ✔✔Organs behind the peritoneal cavity: kidneys,
adrenal glands, ureters, pancreas, duodenum, aorta, and IVC.
✔✔Kidney Stones: Classic Pain Pattern - ✔✔Severe flank pain that radiates down
toward the groin, often accompanied by hematuria and nausea.
✔✔Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Progression Warning - ✔✔A lower UTI causes
dysuria/frequency; progression to pyelonephritis (kidney infection) causes fever and
flank pain.
, ✔✔Behavioral Emergencies: Golden Rule of Assessment - ✔✔Never assume abnormal
behavior is purely psychiatric; always rule out underlying medical causes (e.g., hypoxia,
hypoglycemia).
✔✔Delirium Tremens (DTs): Definition - ✔✔A severe, life-threatening form of alcohol
withdrawal featuring confusion, agitation, tremors, fever, sweating, and seizures.
✔✔Huffing/Inhalant Abuse: Cardiac Hazard - ✔✔Inhalants sensitize the myocardium,
making sudden fatal cardiac dysrhythmias possible with exertion or stress.
✔✔Drowning: Primary Physiological Problem - ✔✔Hypoxia resulting from submersion or
immersion in liquid.
✔✔Water Emergency Rescue Sequence - ✔✔Reach, Throw, Row, Go (Go into water
only when trained and equipped).
✔✔Shallow-Water Diving Injury: High-Risk Condition - ✔✔Cervical spinal cord injury
due to direct impact of the head on the bottom.
✔✔Hypothermia Care: Physical Handling Rule - ✔✔Handle severely hypothermic
patients gently; rough movement can precipitate ventricular fibrillation.
✔✔Frostbite Management: Key Don'ts - ✔✔Do not rub or massage affected tissue, and
do not pop blisters.
✔✔Decompression Sickness: Cause - ✔✔Rapid ascent while diving, causing dissolved
nitrogen gas to form bubbles in tissue and blood.
✔✔Multiple Lightning Strike Victims: Triage Exception - ✔✔Reverse triage applies:
prioritize victims in cardiac/respiratory arrest first as they have high resuscitation
potential.
✔✔Markle Test (Heel Drop): Purpose - ✔✔Assess for abdominal/peritoneal irritation by
having the patient drop from toes onto heels to reproduce localized pain.
✔✔Paranoia: EMT Approach - ✔✔Remain calm, maintain distance, avoid sudden
movements, explain actions clearly, and do not argue about delusions.
✔✔Schizophrenia: Key Features - ✔✔Characterized by hallucinations, delusions,
disorganized speech and thinking, social withdrawal, and abnormal behavior.
✔✔Substance Tolerance vs. Dependence - ✔✔Tolerance requires higher doses for
effect; dependence is physical adaptation leading to withdrawal symptoms when
stopped.
