,NSG 121 Exam 2 Health Assessment Questions And Answers
2026/2027 HERZING UNIVERSITY
Q1. Which layer of the skin serves as the body's primary external
barrier against pathogens, irritants, and moisture loss?
A) Dermis
B) Epidermis
C) Subcutaneous tissue
D) Reticular tissue
Correct Answer: B) Epidermis
Rationale: The epidermis is the outermost skin layer and provides the
primary protective barrier. It also contains cells involved in sensation,
pigmentation, and immune defense.
Q2. Which function is primarily associated with the subcutaneous
layer?
A) Production of melanin
B) Regulation of visual acuity
C) Insulation and energy storage
D) Formation of the stratum corneum
Correct Answer: C) Insulation and energy storage
Rationale: The subcutaneous layer contains primarily adipose and loose
connective tissue. It provides insulation, stores energy, cushions against
external forces, and contributes to skin mobility.
Q3. Which epidermal cell produces melanin?
A) Merkel cell
B) Langerhans cell
C) Keratinocyte
D) Melanocyte
Correct Answer: D) Melanocyte
Rationale: Melanocytes produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin
coloration and protection against ultraviolet radiation.
Q4. A client has a lesion that is flat, circumscribed, and primarily
distinguished by a change in skin color without elevation or
depression. Which type of primary lesion is this?
, A) Macule
B) Papule
C) Nodule
D) Vesicle
Correct Answer: A) Macule
Rationale: A macule is a flat, circumscribed area of altered color. It differs
from elevated primary lesions such as papules and nodules.
Q5. Which finding is considered a secondary skin lesion?
A) Papule
B) Macule
C) Crust
D) Vesicle
Correct Answer: C) Crust
Rationale: Secondary lesions develop from changes in primary lesions or
from healing and other processes. Crust is formed by dried serum, blood, or
exudate.
Q6. During a skin assessment, which finding should receive the
greatest priority for further evaluation?
A) A stable freckle unchanged for several years
B) A symmetric mole with uniform color
C) A new pigmented lesion with irregular borders and recent change
D) Mild dryness of the elbows
Correct Answer: C) A new pigmented lesion with irregular borders and recent
change
Rationale: A new or changing pigmented lesion with asymmetry, irregular
borders, color variation, or evolution raises concern for melanoma and
warrants further assessment.
Q7. Which characteristic is represented by the "E" in the ABCDE
assessment of a pigmented skin lesion?
A) Elevation
B) Elasticity
C) Enlargement
D) Evolution
2026/2027 HERZING UNIVERSITY
Q1. Which layer of the skin serves as the body's primary external
barrier against pathogens, irritants, and moisture loss?
A) Dermis
B) Epidermis
C) Subcutaneous tissue
D) Reticular tissue
Correct Answer: B) Epidermis
Rationale: The epidermis is the outermost skin layer and provides the
primary protective barrier. It also contains cells involved in sensation,
pigmentation, and immune defense.
Q2. Which function is primarily associated with the subcutaneous
layer?
A) Production of melanin
B) Regulation of visual acuity
C) Insulation and energy storage
D) Formation of the stratum corneum
Correct Answer: C) Insulation and energy storage
Rationale: The subcutaneous layer contains primarily adipose and loose
connective tissue. It provides insulation, stores energy, cushions against
external forces, and contributes to skin mobility.
Q3. Which epidermal cell produces melanin?
A) Merkel cell
B) Langerhans cell
C) Keratinocyte
D) Melanocyte
Correct Answer: D) Melanocyte
Rationale: Melanocytes produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin
coloration and protection against ultraviolet radiation.
Q4. A client has a lesion that is flat, circumscribed, and primarily
distinguished by a change in skin color without elevation or
depression. Which type of primary lesion is this?
, A) Macule
B) Papule
C) Nodule
D) Vesicle
Correct Answer: A) Macule
Rationale: A macule is a flat, circumscribed area of altered color. It differs
from elevated primary lesions such as papules and nodules.
Q5. Which finding is considered a secondary skin lesion?
A) Papule
B) Macule
C) Crust
D) Vesicle
Correct Answer: C) Crust
Rationale: Secondary lesions develop from changes in primary lesions or
from healing and other processes. Crust is formed by dried serum, blood, or
exudate.
Q6. During a skin assessment, which finding should receive the
greatest priority for further evaluation?
A) A stable freckle unchanged for several years
B) A symmetric mole with uniform color
C) A new pigmented lesion with irregular borders and recent change
D) Mild dryness of the elbows
Correct Answer: C) A new pigmented lesion with irregular borders and recent
change
Rationale: A new or changing pigmented lesion with asymmetry, irregular
borders, color variation, or evolution raises concern for melanoma and
warrants further assessment.
Q7. Which characteristic is represented by the "E" in the ABCDE
assessment of a pigmented skin lesion?
A) Elevation
B) Elasticity
C) Enlargement
D) Evolution
