NUR 239 PATHO & PHARM EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | NUR 239 STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST
2026/2027
Pathogenesis: - correct answer ✔✔how the disease evolves
Etiology: - correct answer ✔✔the cause of disease
Signs: - correct answer ✔✔objective manifestation that is noted by an observer, what can be seen by the
nurse
Symptoms - correct answer ✔✔subjective complaint that is by the person with the disorder
Acute: - correct answer ✔✔relatively severe, short term, self-limiting
Chronic: remission - correct answer ✔✔long term, continuous' with periods of remission (decreased
severity of symptoms) and exacerbations (aggravation of symptoms and increase in severity)
primary prevention - correct answer ✔✔is directed to keep the disease from occurring by performing
health screens, immunizations, lifestyle changes
secondary prevention - correct answer ✔✔detects a disease early when it is asymptomatic by
conducting lab, scans, and other screens
tertiary prevention - correct answer ✔✔is treatment to reduce complications of a disease that is already
present using meds, or other treatment methods
Schedule I: - correct answer ✔✔these drugs have no accepted medical use, lack of accepted safety &
high abuse potentials
Schedule I: Examples: - correct answer ✔✔heroin, lysergic, acid diethylamide, methamphetamine
Schedule II: - correct answer ✔✔these drugs are used medically and have high abuse potentials: opioid
analgesics
Schedule II: Examples: - correct answer ✔✔Codeine, hydromorphone, Morphine; central nervous
systems stimulants (cocaine, barbiturate)
Schedule III: - correct answer ✔✔drugs with less potentials for abuse than those in a Schedule I or a
Schedule II
Schedule III: Examples: - correct answer ✔✔Steroids, some depressants (ketamine), some CNS
stimulants (codeine)
, Schedule IV: - correct answer ✔✔Drugs accepted medical use in the United States but some potential for
abuse
Schedule V: - correct answer ✔✔Products containing amounts of controlled substances.
Example: Atropine
Generic Name/Official Name: - correct answer ✔✔related to the chemical or official name and is
independent of the manufacturer. It often indicated the drug group
Tissue Proliferation - correct answer ✔✔the process of increasing the number of cells by mitotic division
Continuously dividing - correct answer ✔✔continuously divide and replicate throughout life, replacing
cells that continually being destroyed ex) epithelial cells of skin and mucous membranes, GI tract, urinary
tract and bone marrow
What does stable mean? - correct answer ✔✔cells that normally stop dividing when growth stops, cells
undergo regeneration with appropriate stimulus, able to reconstitute tissue of origin
Stable- Example: - correct answer ✔✔bone tissue if fracture bone cells are stimulated
permanent tissues- - correct answer ✔✔do not proliferate. Considered to be terminally differentiated
and do not undergo mitotic division'in postnatal life. Ex) nerve cells, skeletal cells, and cardiac cells, once
destroyed they are replaced by fibrous scar tissue that lacks the functional ability of destroyed tissue.
They cannot do the same thing they used to, may lack some functions.
Adaptive Cell Changes - correct answer ✔✔Changes
Atrophy- - correct answer ✔✔cells revert to a smaller size to a lower and more energy efficient state due
to low work demands Causes: disuse, denervation, inadequate nutrtion
Hypertrophy- - correct answer ✔✔increase in all size, leads to increased amount of functioning tissue
mass, and a bigger workload
compensatory hypertrophy - correct answer ✔✔enlargement of organ due to removal or inactive part of
organ
Physiologic - correct answer ✔✔exercise
brand name (trade name) - correct answer ✔✔it is designated and patented by the manufacturer
-Brand Name/Trade Name - Example: - correct answer ✔✔Amoxicillin is the manufacturer by several
pharmaceutical companies, some of which assign a specific trade name like Amocil or Larotid
Trade Name - correct answer ✔✔Capitalized
Generic Name - correct answer ✔✔lower case (unless in list or beginning of sentence)
ANSWERS | NUR 239 STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST
2026/2027
Pathogenesis: - correct answer ✔✔how the disease evolves
Etiology: - correct answer ✔✔the cause of disease
Signs: - correct answer ✔✔objective manifestation that is noted by an observer, what can be seen by the
nurse
Symptoms - correct answer ✔✔subjective complaint that is by the person with the disorder
Acute: - correct answer ✔✔relatively severe, short term, self-limiting
Chronic: remission - correct answer ✔✔long term, continuous' with periods of remission (decreased
severity of symptoms) and exacerbations (aggravation of symptoms and increase in severity)
primary prevention - correct answer ✔✔is directed to keep the disease from occurring by performing
health screens, immunizations, lifestyle changes
secondary prevention - correct answer ✔✔detects a disease early when it is asymptomatic by
conducting lab, scans, and other screens
tertiary prevention - correct answer ✔✔is treatment to reduce complications of a disease that is already
present using meds, or other treatment methods
Schedule I: - correct answer ✔✔these drugs have no accepted medical use, lack of accepted safety &
high abuse potentials
Schedule I: Examples: - correct answer ✔✔heroin, lysergic, acid diethylamide, methamphetamine
Schedule II: - correct answer ✔✔these drugs are used medically and have high abuse potentials: opioid
analgesics
Schedule II: Examples: - correct answer ✔✔Codeine, hydromorphone, Morphine; central nervous
systems stimulants (cocaine, barbiturate)
Schedule III: - correct answer ✔✔drugs with less potentials for abuse than those in a Schedule I or a
Schedule II
Schedule III: Examples: - correct answer ✔✔Steroids, some depressants (ketamine), some CNS
stimulants (codeine)
, Schedule IV: - correct answer ✔✔Drugs accepted medical use in the United States but some potential for
abuse
Schedule V: - correct answer ✔✔Products containing amounts of controlled substances.
Example: Atropine
Generic Name/Official Name: - correct answer ✔✔related to the chemical or official name and is
independent of the manufacturer. It often indicated the drug group
Tissue Proliferation - correct answer ✔✔the process of increasing the number of cells by mitotic division
Continuously dividing - correct answer ✔✔continuously divide and replicate throughout life, replacing
cells that continually being destroyed ex) epithelial cells of skin and mucous membranes, GI tract, urinary
tract and bone marrow
What does stable mean? - correct answer ✔✔cells that normally stop dividing when growth stops, cells
undergo regeneration with appropriate stimulus, able to reconstitute tissue of origin
Stable- Example: - correct answer ✔✔bone tissue if fracture bone cells are stimulated
permanent tissues- - correct answer ✔✔do not proliferate. Considered to be terminally differentiated
and do not undergo mitotic division'in postnatal life. Ex) nerve cells, skeletal cells, and cardiac cells, once
destroyed they are replaced by fibrous scar tissue that lacks the functional ability of destroyed tissue.
They cannot do the same thing they used to, may lack some functions.
Adaptive Cell Changes - correct answer ✔✔Changes
Atrophy- - correct answer ✔✔cells revert to a smaller size to a lower and more energy efficient state due
to low work demands Causes: disuse, denervation, inadequate nutrtion
Hypertrophy- - correct answer ✔✔increase in all size, leads to increased amount of functioning tissue
mass, and a bigger workload
compensatory hypertrophy - correct answer ✔✔enlargement of organ due to removal or inactive part of
organ
Physiologic - correct answer ✔✔exercise
brand name (trade name) - correct answer ✔✔it is designated and patented by the manufacturer
-Brand Name/Trade Name - Example: - correct answer ✔✔Amoxicillin is the manufacturer by several
pharmaceutical companies, some of which assign a specific trade name like Amocil or Larotid
Trade Name - correct answer ✔✔Capitalized
Generic Name - correct answer ✔✔lower case (unless in list or beginning of sentence)
