NUR 239 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | NUR 239
FINAL STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
Unit 1 - correct answer ✔✔
What is a systemic effect? - correct answer ✔✔any medication that is taken orally, IV or injection
circulated through the blood stream and then eliminated from the body
What is a local effect? - correct answer ✔✔it acts at the sits of application or injury
what does the FDA do? - correct answer ✔✔it is a government agency that regulates over the counter
medications. Also approves new medications via the 4 stage process
What is the 4 stage process - correct answer ✔✔1: drug given to health care volunteers
2. drug given to a small amount of people with the condition
3. double blind placebo
4. FDA evaluates for effectiveness and continues to monitor
What is pharmacokinetics - correct answer ✔✔the moment of drugs within the body
What are the parts of pharmacokinetics - correct answer ✔✔absorption, distribution, metabolism and
excretion
Absorption - correct answer ✔✔process that occurs from the time the drug enters the body to the time
it enters the bloodstream to be circulated
Distribution - correct answer ✔✔involves the transport of drug molecules within the body
Metabolism - correct answer ✔✔method by which the drugs are inactivated or biotransformed by the
body
Excretion - correct answer ✔✔refers to elimination of a drug from the body
usually done by the kidneys
What is the first pass effect: - correct answer ✔✔some drugs are metabolized in the liver with only a
part of the drug dose reaching systemic circulation for distribution tp sites of action. Only a part of the
drug is actually used
What is the serum half life - correct answer ✔✔the time required for the serum concentration to
decrease 50%
What is the order for rapid action and response - correct answer ✔✔IV, IM, SUB Q or oral
IV goes straight into the blood stream
, What is an additive effect - correct answer ✔✔when two drugs with the SAME pharmacologic effect are
taken together
ex. morphine and deluded: increased pain relief
Ethanol + sedative: increased sedative effect
Synergistic - correct answer ✔✔when two drugs with DIFFERENT sites of action produce greater effects
when taken together
ex. acetaminophen + codeine
The combined effects are greater than the effects of either one of the drugs alone
Interference - correct answer ✔✔interference of a drugs with the metabolism of another drug, One of
the drugs then can have an intensified effect. If the drug does not get fully metabolized, the result can be
toxicity
Displacement - correct answer ✔✔when drugs with a strong attraction to protein-ending sites displaces
a drug that is less tightly bound
ex. aspirin displaces warfarin
Community acquired infections - correct answer ✔✔outside of the healthcare setting
Nosocomial acquired infection - correct answer ✔✔in a health care setting: the hospital or nursing home
What are prostaglandins? - correct answer ✔✔promotes inflammation and pain and fever
What blocks the synthesis of prostaglandins - correct answer ✔✔aspirin and NSAIDS
What can increase the risk for infection - correct answer ✔✔corticosteroids, because steroids are
immunosuppressants
What contributes to antibiotic resistance - correct answer ✔✔the overuse of antibiotics: big issue in
todays society
Aspirin, NSIDS and acetaminophen are considered to be what type of drug - correct answer ✔✔ant
prostaglandins: block the releases
What are example of nonnarcotic analgesic antipyretic - correct answer ✔✔acetiminophen/ tylenol
If you overdose on nonnarcotic analgesic antipyretic what will happen - correct answer
✔✔hepatotoxicity
antidote given is aceycysteine
What are examples of propionic acid derivatives - correct answer ✔✔ibuprofen, motrin or advil
What is an adverse affect that can happen while taking a propionic acid derivatives - correct answer
✔✔GI bleed: occult blood
Nephrontoxicity: check the BUN and creatinine levels
FINAL STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
Unit 1 - correct answer ✔✔
What is a systemic effect? - correct answer ✔✔any medication that is taken orally, IV or injection
circulated through the blood stream and then eliminated from the body
What is a local effect? - correct answer ✔✔it acts at the sits of application or injury
what does the FDA do? - correct answer ✔✔it is a government agency that regulates over the counter
medications. Also approves new medications via the 4 stage process
What is the 4 stage process - correct answer ✔✔1: drug given to health care volunteers
2. drug given to a small amount of people with the condition
3. double blind placebo
4. FDA evaluates for effectiveness and continues to monitor
What is pharmacokinetics - correct answer ✔✔the moment of drugs within the body
What are the parts of pharmacokinetics - correct answer ✔✔absorption, distribution, metabolism and
excretion
Absorption - correct answer ✔✔process that occurs from the time the drug enters the body to the time
it enters the bloodstream to be circulated
Distribution - correct answer ✔✔involves the transport of drug molecules within the body
Metabolism - correct answer ✔✔method by which the drugs are inactivated or biotransformed by the
body
Excretion - correct answer ✔✔refers to elimination of a drug from the body
usually done by the kidneys
What is the first pass effect: - correct answer ✔✔some drugs are metabolized in the liver with only a
part of the drug dose reaching systemic circulation for distribution tp sites of action. Only a part of the
drug is actually used
What is the serum half life - correct answer ✔✔the time required for the serum concentration to
decrease 50%
What is the order for rapid action and response - correct answer ✔✔IV, IM, SUB Q or oral
IV goes straight into the blood stream
, What is an additive effect - correct answer ✔✔when two drugs with the SAME pharmacologic effect are
taken together
ex. morphine and deluded: increased pain relief
Ethanol + sedative: increased sedative effect
Synergistic - correct answer ✔✔when two drugs with DIFFERENT sites of action produce greater effects
when taken together
ex. acetaminophen + codeine
The combined effects are greater than the effects of either one of the drugs alone
Interference - correct answer ✔✔interference of a drugs with the metabolism of another drug, One of
the drugs then can have an intensified effect. If the drug does not get fully metabolized, the result can be
toxicity
Displacement - correct answer ✔✔when drugs with a strong attraction to protein-ending sites displaces
a drug that is less tightly bound
ex. aspirin displaces warfarin
Community acquired infections - correct answer ✔✔outside of the healthcare setting
Nosocomial acquired infection - correct answer ✔✔in a health care setting: the hospital or nursing home
What are prostaglandins? - correct answer ✔✔promotes inflammation and pain and fever
What blocks the synthesis of prostaglandins - correct answer ✔✔aspirin and NSAIDS
What can increase the risk for infection - correct answer ✔✔corticosteroids, because steroids are
immunosuppressants
What contributes to antibiotic resistance - correct answer ✔✔the overuse of antibiotics: big issue in
todays society
Aspirin, NSIDS and acetaminophen are considered to be what type of drug - correct answer ✔✔ant
prostaglandins: block the releases
What are example of nonnarcotic analgesic antipyretic - correct answer ✔✔acetiminophen/ tylenol
If you overdose on nonnarcotic analgesic antipyretic what will happen - correct answer
✔✔hepatotoxicity
antidote given is aceycysteine
What are examples of propionic acid derivatives - correct answer ✔✔ibuprofen, motrin or advil
What is an adverse affect that can happen while taking a propionic acid derivatives - correct answer
✔✔GI bleed: occult blood
Nephrontoxicity: check the BUN and creatinine levels
