NUR 152 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | NUR 152
FINAL STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
Type 1 Diabetes - correct answer ✔✔-Autoimmune disorder
-Beta cells destroyed by own body, NO INSULIN is produced.
-Most often before age 15
-CANNOT use oral meds, ONLY INSULIN
Type 2 Diabetes - correct answer ✔✔Insufficient amount of Insulin produced, or Insulin resistance
Genetic/heritage/lifestyle
Can be reversed with diet, exercise, weight loss
May require Insulin injections
Most common in adults 40 and over
Rapid acting Insulin - correct answer ✔✔Lispro (Humalog)
Aspart (Novolog)
Short acting insulin - correct answer ✔✔Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R)
Intermediate acting Insulin - correct answer ✔✔NPH
Can cause problems with hypoglycemia,
If getting in the am, be sure to eat lunch, do not exercise (between lunch and dinner)
Long acting Insulin - correct answer ✔✔glargine (Lantus)
No peak
Rapid acting Insulin onset - correct answer ✔✔5-15 min
POSES THE HIGHEST RISK FOR HYPOGLYCEMIA
Short acting Insulin onset - correct answer ✔✔30 minutes
ONLY Insulin given IV
REGULAR goes RIGHT into the vein (memory trick)
Intermediate acting Insulin onset - correct answer ✔✔1-2 hours
Long acting Insulin onset - correct answer ✔✔30-60 minutes
Metformin (for type 2) S/E - correct answer ✔✔GI upset
N/V
Weakness
Metallic taste in mouth
Glipizide
Glyburide (for type 2) - correct answer ✔✔Stimulates pancreas to make more insulin
,Hypoglycemia - correct answer ✔✔Low blood glucose
70 mg/dL OR LESS
40 mg/dL OR LESS = Severe hypoglycemia
Causes of Hypoglycemia - correct answer ✔✔Too much insulin or oral hypoglycemic agent
Poor eating
Exercise
Insulin peaking
Occurs anytime, often before meals
Hypoglycemia S/S - correct answer ✔✔(MILD) Diaphoresis, tremors, tachycardia, palpitations, hunger
(MODERATE) Difficulty concentrating, headache, irritability, speech problems, impaired coordination,
vision problems, tiredness
(SEVERE) Disorientation, seizures, difficulty waking, loss of conciseness
Hypoglycemia Treatment - correct answer ✔✔immediate ingestion of 15-20g quick acting
carbohydrates; wait 15 minutes, repeat if needed.
keep candy on hand.
Hyperglycemia - correct answer ✔✔High blood glucose
Fasting glucose of 126 mg/dL OR HIGHER
Causes of Hyperglycemia - correct answer ✔✔Skipping meals
not using enough insulin or meds
Inactive lifestyle
Hyperglycemia S/S - correct answer ✔✔Increased thirst
Increased hunger
Frequent urination
headache
blurred vision
n/v
numbness/tingling
Hyperglycemia Treatment - correct answer ✔✔Monitor BG
continuous IV insulin
exercise
diet
complications of diabetes - correct answer ✔✔-blindness,
- poor wound healing,
- amputations of the extremities
-Retinopathy
-Nephropathy
-Neuropathy
-PVD, CAD, CVD, TIA
Management of complications of Diabetes - correct answer ✔✔Manage all
, hypertension
weight
BG levels
Inspect feet for cuts/sores
proper shoes
medications
A client takes short acting regular insulin and long acting insulin to manage her diabetes. Which lab
demonstrates the clients overall diabetes management ? - correct answer ✔✔Hemoglobin A1C
A nurse is doing an emergency assessment of a client who appears to be severely hypoglycemic. Which
of the following signs are indicative of hypoglycemia? - correct answer ✔✔-Diaphoresis
-Tachycardia
-Anxiety
Left sided Heart Failure (LUNGS) - correct answer ✔✔Think——-DROWNING
-Dyspnea
-Rales
-Orthopnea
-Weakness/fatigue
-Nocturnal paroxysmal
-Increased HR
-Nagging cough (frothy, blood tinged)
-Gaining weight (2-3 lbs per day)
-Increased urine output
Right sided Heart Failure - correct answer ✔✔Think ——-SWELLING Hepatomegaly
Splenomegaly
-Swelling. Legs/hands.
-Weight gain. Anorexia
-Edema (pitting)
-Large neck veins (JVD)
-lethargy/fatigue
-Irregular HR
-Nocturia
-Girth in abdomen = ASCITES
A client is admitted for dehydration due to heat related illness and they are showing signs of fluid volume
deficit. What are they experiencing? - correct answer ✔✔Hypotension
Atelectasis prevention - correct answer ✔✔Collapse or closure of lung resulting in reduced or absent gas
exchange. Can occur after surgery.
-PREVENTION = Deep breathing,
-Encourage coughing
-Use of Incentive Spirometry
-meds to open airways (bronchodilators)
-Semi—Fowler position
-Oxygen therapy
FINAL STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
Type 1 Diabetes - correct answer ✔✔-Autoimmune disorder
-Beta cells destroyed by own body, NO INSULIN is produced.
-Most often before age 15
-CANNOT use oral meds, ONLY INSULIN
Type 2 Diabetes - correct answer ✔✔Insufficient amount of Insulin produced, or Insulin resistance
Genetic/heritage/lifestyle
Can be reversed with diet, exercise, weight loss
May require Insulin injections
Most common in adults 40 and over
Rapid acting Insulin - correct answer ✔✔Lispro (Humalog)
Aspart (Novolog)
Short acting insulin - correct answer ✔✔Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R)
Intermediate acting Insulin - correct answer ✔✔NPH
Can cause problems with hypoglycemia,
If getting in the am, be sure to eat lunch, do not exercise (between lunch and dinner)
Long acting Insulin - correct answer ✔✔glargine (Lantus)
No peak
Rapid acting Insulin onset - correct answer ✔✔5-15 min
POSES THE HIGHEST RISK FOR HYPOGLYCEMIA
Short acting Insulin onset - correct answer ✔✔30 minutes
ONLY Insulin given IV
REGULAR goes RIGHT into the vein (memory trick)
Intermediate acting Insulin onset - correct answer ✔✔1-2 hours
Long acting Insulin onset - correct answer ✔✔30-60 minutes
Metformin (for type 2) S/E - correct answer ✔✔GI upset
N/V
Weakness
Metallic taste in mouth
Glipizide
Glyburide (for type 2) - correct answer ✔✔Stimulates pancreas to make more insulin
,Hypoglycemia - correct answer ✔✔Low blood glucose
70 mg/dL OR LESS
40 mg/dL OR LESS = Severe hypoglycemia
Causes of Hypoglycemia - correct answer ✔✔Too much insulin or oral hypoglycemic agent
Poor eating
Exercise
Insulin peaking
Occurs anytime, often before meals
Hypoglycemia S/S - correct answer ✔✔(MILD) Diaphoresis, tremors, tachycardia, palpitations, hunger
(MODERATE) Difficulty concentrating, headache, irritability, speech problems, impaired coordination,
vision problems, tiredness
(SEVERE) Disorientation, seizures, difficulty waking, loss of conciseness
Hypoglycemia Treatment - correct answer ✔✔immediate ingestion of 15-20g quick acting
carbohydrates; wait 15 minutes, repeat if needed.
keep candy on hand.
Hyperglycemia - correct answer ✔✔High blood glucose
Fasting glucose of 126 mg/dL OR HIGHER
Causes of Hyperglycemia - correct answer ✔✔Skipping meals
not using enough insulin or meds
Inactive lifestyle
Hyperglycemia S/S - correct answer ✔✔Increased thirst
Increased hunger
Frequent urination
headache
blurred vision
n/v
numbness/tingling
Hyperglycemia Treatment - correct answer ✔✔Monitor BG
continuous IV insulin
exercise
diet
complications of diabetes - correct answer ✔✔-blindness,
- poor wound healing,
- amputations of the extremities
-Retinopathy
-Nephropathy
-Neuropathy
-PVD, CAD, CVD, TIA
Management of complications of Diabetes - correct answer ✔✔Manage all
, hypertension
weight
BG levels
Inspect feet for cuts/sores
proper shoes
medications
A client takes short acting regular insulin and long acting insulin to manage her diabetes. Which lab
demonstrates the clients overall diabetes management ? - correct answer ✔✔Hemoglobin A1C
A nurse is doing an emergency assessment of a client who appears to be severely hypoglycemic. Which
of the following signs are indicative of hypoglycemia? - correct answer ✔✔-Diaphoresis
-Tachycardia
-Anxiety
Left sided Heart Failure (LUNGS) - correct answer ✔✔Think——-DROWNING
-Dyspnea
-Rales
-Orthopnea
-Weakness/fatigue
-Nocturnal paroxysmal
-Increased HR
-Nagging cough (frothy, blood tinged)
-Gaining weight (2-3 lbs per day)
-Increased urine output
Right sided Heart Failure - correct answer ✔✔Think ——-SWELLING Hepatomegaly
Splenomegaly
-Swelling. Legs/hands.
-Weight gain. Anorexia
-Edema (pitting)
-Large neck veins (JVD)
-lethargy/fatigue
-Irregular HR
-Nocturia
-Girth in abdomen = ASCITES
A client is admitted for dehydration due to heat related illness and they are showing signs of fluid volume
deficit. What are they experiencing? - correct answer ✔✔Hypotension
Atelectasis prevention - correct answer ✔✔Collapse or closure of lung resulting in reduced or absent gas
exchange. Can occur after surgery.
-PREVENTION = Deep breathing,
-Encourage coughing
-Use of Incentive Spirometry
-meds to open airways (bronchodilators)
-Semi—Fowler position
-Oxygen therapy
