NURS 2400 Exam 3 Lecture/Powerpoint 1 exam
with question and answer 100% correct
Pain definition Whatever the experiencing person says it is, existing
whenever they say it does
What is the most reliable indicator of pain? The patient
Scope of Pain -Ranges from none to minimal, moderate, and severe
-Make sure you consider appropriate ways to gauge patient
pain (ex. if they cannot speak, cultural, etc)
Descriptors of pain -Duration
-Location
-Intensity
-Frequency
Pain duration examples -Acute
-Chronic (persistent)
-Combination (acute and chronic)
,Physiological consequences of pain -Endocrine response
-Respiratory response
-Physical functioning
Psychosocial consequences of pain -Fear
-Anger
-Depression
-Anxiety
-Difficulty maintaining relationships
Populations at risk for pain -Older adults are at greatest risk for pain
-Individuals who are unable to communicate
Elements of pain assessment -Patient self-reported pain
-Onset and duration
-Location
-Comfort and function goal
-Alleviating and relieving factors
-Quality
-Intensity
-Effect of pain on function and quality of life
Behavioral signs of pain -Facial expressions
-Restlessness
-Change in activity
-Crying
-Assessment tools
Important assessment for patient pain in The patient's reaction to a medication
regard to medication?
Clinical Management Nonpharmacologic -Massage
Strategies -Positioning and body alignment
-Splinting
-Thermal interventions (heat and cold)
-Mind-body therapies
palliative care -Involves assessment and management of pain and other
symptoms, support of caregiver needs, and care coordination
-Patient and family centered care
-Primary focus of care or concurrently with medical/curative
treatment
Goals of palliative care -Improve quality of life
-Reduce the burden of health-related suffering
Interprofessional team for palliative care -Nurses, advanced practice nurses, social workers,
pharmacists, physicians, chaplains, and others
Palliative care extends into -The period of end-of-life care and offers patient and family
support while planning for EOL needs
, Grief and bereavement care follows the -Interprofessional collaboration
patient's death and includes -Communication important with patient and family
-Care in multiple settings
Hospice care -Provides compassion, concern, and support for patients in
the last phases of a serious illness
Goals for hospice care -Die with dignity
-Live fully and comfortably
Hospice programs focus on -Improving quality of life
-Maintaining comfort while forgoing curative treatment
Models of hospice care -Hospice-based
-Home health
-Community or free-standing programs
-Available 24 hr/day, 7 days/wk
Palliative care- what is appropriate? Allows for curative and palliative treatment
simultaneously Management of symptoms
Hospice care - what is appropriate? Six months or less to live
No further curative treatments
Ease distress
Hospice care - when should patients be As soon as possible to ease physical, emotional, and spiritual
referred? distress at the end of life; do not need to be actively dying
What is advance care planning Process that involves having patients thing through, talk about,
and document their values and goals for treatment
What are advance directives? Written documents of those wishes about life sustaining
efforts and the designated spokesperson
Document in medical record and/or nursing care
1990 Patient Self Determination Act Under this act, patients must receive information on advance
directives from health care agencies
CPR -Patients and families have the right to decide whether CPR
will be used
-Nursing: support patient and family decisions; document EOL
care
Physician's orders for CPR should specify -Full Code
-DNI
-Chemical Code
-No Code
Full Code All heroic measures
with question and answer 100% correct
Pain definition Whatever the experiencing person says it is, existing
whenever they say it does
What is the most reliable indicator of pain? The patient
Scope of Pain -Ranges from none to minimal, moderate, and severe
-Make sure you consider appropriate ways to gauge patient
pain (ex. if they cannot speak, cultural, etc)
Descriptors of pain -Duration
-Location
-Intensity
-Frequency
Pain duration examples -Acute
-Chronic (persistent)
-Combination (acute and chronic)
,Physiological consequences of pain -Endocrine response
-Respiratory response
-Physical functioning
Psychosocial consequences of pain -Fear
-Anger
-Depression
-Anxiety
-Difficulty maintaining relationships
Populations at risk for pain -Older adults are at greatest risk for pain
-Individuals who are unable to communicate
Elements of pain assessment -Patient self-reported pain
-Onset and duration
-Location
-Comfort and function goal
-Alleviating and relieving factors
-Quality
-Intensity
-Effect of pain on function and quality of life
Behavioral signs of pain -Facial expressions
-Restlessness
-Change in activity
-Crying
-Assessment tools
Important assessment for patient pain in The patient's reaction to a medication
regard to medication?
Clinical Management Nonpharmacologic -Massage
Strategies -Positioning and body alignment
-Splinting
-Thermal interventions (heat and cold)
-Mind-body therapies
palliative care -Involves assessment and management of pain and other
symptoms, support of caregiver needs, and care coordination
-Patient and family centered care
-Primary focus of care or concurrently with medical/curative
treatment
Goals of palliative care -Improve quality of life
-Reduce the burden of health-related suffering
Interprofessional team for palliative care -Nurses, advanced practice nurses, social workers,
pharmacists, physicians, chaplains, and others
Palliative care extends into -The period of end-of-life care and offers patient and family
support while planning for EOL needs
, Grief and bereavement care follows the -Interprofessional collaboration
patient's death and includes -Communication important with patient and family
-Care in multiple settings
Hospice care -Provides compassion, concern, and support for patients in
the last phases of a serious illness
Goals for hospice care -Die with dignity
-Live fully and comfortably
Hospice programs focus on -Improving quality of life
-Maintaining comfort while forgoing curative treatment
Models of hospice care -Hospice-based
-Home health
-Community or free-standing programs
-Available 24 hr/day, 7 days/wk
Palliative care- what is appropriate? Allows for curative and palliative treatment
simultaneously Management of symptoms
Hospice care - what is appropriate? Six months or less to live
No further curative treatments
Ease distress
Hospice care - when should patients be As soon as possible to ease physical, emotional, and spiritual
referred? distress at the end of life; do not need to be actively dying
What is advance care planning Process that involves having patients thing through, talk about,
and document their values and goals for treatment
What are advance directives? Written documents of those wishes about life sustaining
efforts and the designated spokesperson
Document in medical record and/or nursing care
1990 Patient Self Determination Act Under this act, patients must receive information on advance
directives from health care agencies
CPR -Patients and families have the right to decide whether CPR
will be used
-Nursing: support patient and family decisions; document EOL
care
Physician's orders for CPR should specify -Full Code
-DNI
-Chemical Code
-No Code
Full Code All heroic measures
