9/13/26, 4:49 AM Diabetes Mellitus Complications (HHNS and DKA) NCLEX Flashcards | Quizlet
What is a typical finding of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic B. Slow onset resulting in a blood glucose level greater than 600 mg/dL
syndrome (HHS)? HHS has a slower onset than diabetic ketoacidosis. HHS is often related to impaired
A. Occurs in type 1 diabetes as the presenting symptom thirst sensation, inadequate fluid intake, or functional inability to replace fluids.
B. Slow onset resulting in a blood glucose level greater Because of the slower onset, the blood glucose levels can be quite high (more than
than 600 mg/dL 600 mg/dL) before diagnosis. HHS is seen in type 2 diabetics, and there is enough
C. Ketone bodies higher than 4+ in urine circulating insulin to prevent ketoacidosis. Diabetes insipidus is related to inadequate
D. Signs and symptoms of diabetes insipidus antidiuretic hormone secretion or kidney response with dilute, frequent urination. It is
not related to HHS.
A diabetic patient has a serum glucose level of 824 mg/dL C. rapid, deep respirations.
(45.7 mmol/L) and is unresponsive. After assessment of the Rapid, deep respirations are Kussmaul's and are are the body's attempt to reverse
patient, you suspect DKA rather than HHS based on the metabolic acidosis through exhalation of excess carbon dioxide. Symptoms of DKA
finding of include manifestations of dehydration, such as poor skin turgor, dry mucous
A. polyuria. membranes, tachycardia, and orthostatic hypotension. Kussmaul respirations (rapid,
B. severe dehydration. deep breathing associated with dyspnea) are the body's attempt to reverse
C. rapid, deep respirations. metabolic acidosis through exhalation of excess carbon dioxide. Acetone is detected
D. decreased serum potassium. on the breath as a sweet, fruity odor.
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, 9/13/26, 4:49 AM Diabetes Mellitus Complications (HHNS and DKA) NCLEX Flashcards | Quizlet
What is a finding in DKA that is not seen in hyperosmolar C. Ketones in blood
hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)? The main difference between the two conditions is that ketone bodies are absent or
A. Glucose level above 400 mg/dL minimal in HHS because the body has enough insulin to prevent ketoacidosis. Both
B. Hyperkalemia have high glucose levels, although the level in HHS tends to be higher (above 600
C. Ketones in blood mg/dL). Hypokalemia is possible in both, although it is more likely and serious in
D. Urine output of 30 mL/hr DKA. Urine output of 30 mL/hr is normal obligatory output; both conditions are likely
to have dehydration and decreased output.
Which assessment is the most sensitive indicator that the IV D. Change in the level of consciousness
fluid administration may be too rapid when treating a Too rapid fluid replacement can lead to hyponatremia and cerebral edema. Pedal
patient with DKA and a history of renal disease? edema is a later and relatively insignificant sign. In a bedridden patient, edema is
A. Pedal edema more evident in the sacral area. The Kussmaul respirations are expected; crackles
B. Tachypnea auscultated in the lungs are a more sensitive indicator. The desired urine output for
C. Urine output of 40 mL/hour adequate hydration is 30 to 60 mL/hr.
D. Change in the level of consciousness
The patient presents to the emergency department with a A. pH below 7.30
glucose level of 400 mg/dL, ketone result of 2+, and rapid The patient is in metabolic acidosis, which is a pH below 7.35. Dehydration results in a
respirations with a fruity odor. What finding do you high urine specific gravity (at the upper end of the normal range, or above 1.025 to
anticipate? 1.030). Sodium bicarbonate levels are low in metabolic acidosis. The dehydration that
A. pH below 7.30 occurs with DKA elevates the BUN level.
B. Urine specific gravity below 1.005
C. High sodium bicarbonate levels
D. Low blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level
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What is a typical finding of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic B. Slow onset resulting in a blood glucose level greater than 600 mg/dL
syndrome (HHS)? HHS has a slower onset than diabetic ketoacidosis. HHS is often related to impaired
A. Occurs in type 1 diabetes as the presenting symptom thirst sensation, inadequate fluid intake, or functional inability to replace fluids.
B. Slow onset resulting in a blood glucose level greater Because of the slower onset, the blood glucose levels can be quite high (more than
than 600 mg/dL 600 mg/dL) before diagnosis. HHS is seen in type 2 diabetics, and there is enough
C. Ketone bodies higher than 4+ in urine circulating insulin to prevent ketoacidosis. Diabetes insipidus is related to inadequate
D. Signs and symptoms of diabetes insipidus antidiuretic hormone secretion or kidney response with dilute, frequent urination. It is
not related to HHS.
A diabetic patient has a serum glucose level of 824 mg/dL C. rapid, deep respirations.
(45.7 mmol/L) and is unresponsive. After assessment of the Rapid, deep respirations are Kussmaul's and are are the body's attempt to reverse
patient, you suspect DKA rather than HHS based on the metabolic acidosis through exhalation of excess carbon dioxide. Symptoms of DKA
finding of include manifestations of dehydration, such as poor skin turgor, dry mucous
A. polyuria. membranes, tachycardia, and orthostatic hypotension. Kussmaul respirations (rapid,
B. severe dehydration. deep breathing associated with dyspnea) are the body's attempt to reverse
C. rapid, deep respirations. metabolic acidosis through exhalation of excess carbon dioxide. Acetone is detected
D. decreased serum potassium. on the breath as a sweet, fruity odor.
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, 9/13/26, 4:49 AM Diabetes Mellitus Complications (HHNS and DKA) NCLEX Flashcards | Quizlet
What is a finding in DKA that is not seen in hyperosmolar C. Ketones in blood
hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)? The main difference between the two conditions is that ketone bodies are absent or
A. Glucose level above 400 mg/dL minimal in HHS because the body has enough insulin to prevent ketoacidosis. Both
B. Hyperkalemia have high glucose levels, although the level in HHS tends to be higher (above 600
C. Ketones in blood mg/dL). Hypokalemia is possible in both, although it is more likely and serious in
D. Urine output of 30 mL/hr DKA. Urine output of 30 mL/hr is normal obligatory output; both conditions are likely
to have dehydration and decreased output.
Which assessment is the most sensitive indicator that the IV D. Change in the level of consciousness
fluid administration may be too rapid when treating a Too rapid fluid replacement can lead to hyponatremia and cerebral edema. Pedal
patient with DKA and a history of renal disease? edema is a later and relatively insignificant sign. In a bedridden patient, edema is
A. Pedal edema more evident in the sacral area. The Kussmaul respirations are expected; crackles
B. Tachypnea auscultated in the lungs are a more sensitive indicator. The desired urine output for
C. Urine output of 40 mL/hour adequate hydration is 30 to 60 mL/hr.
D. Change in the level of consciousness
The patient presents to the emergency department with a A. pH below 7.30
glucose level of 400 mg/dL, ketone result of 2+, and rapid The patient is in metabolic acidosis, which is a pH below 7.35. Dehydration results in a
respirations with a fruity odor. What finding do you high urine specific gravity (at the upper end of the normal range, or above 1.025 to
anticipate? 1.030). Sodium bicarbonate levels are low in metabolic acidosis. The dehydration that
A. pH below 7.30 occurs with DKA elevates the BUN level.
B. Urine specific gravity below 1.005
C. High sodium bicarbonate levels
D. Low blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level
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