9/13/26, 5:17 AM Chapter 45- Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support egans Flashcards | Quizlet
Hypercapnic (type II) respiratory failure is a synonym for ANS: D
which one of the following terms?
Hypercapnic respiratory failure is also known as ventilatory failure.
a. Mismatching
b. Shunt DIF: Recall REF: p. 973 OBJ: 2
c. Diffusion impairment
d. Ventilatory failure
Which of the following can cause hypoxemia? ANS: C
1. Diffusion impairment
2. Alveolar hypoventilation Hypoxemia can be caused by mismatch, shunt, alveolar hypoventilation, diffusion
3. mismatch impairment, perfusion impairment, decreased inspired oxygen, and venous
4. Intrapulmonary shunting admixture.
a. 1, 2, and 3 only DIF: Recall REF: p. 973 OBJ: 2
b. 1, 3, and 4 only
c. 1, 2, 3, and 4
d. 2, 3, and 4 only
https://quizlet.com/883703087/chapter-45-respiratory-failure-and-the-need-for-ventilatory-support-egans-flash-cards/?funnelUUID=d31675e0-6fc9-4bd9-933d-b0c398e45727 3/22
,9/13/26, 5:17 AM Chapter 45- Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support egans Flashcards | Quizlet
Which of the following best describes the difference ANS: B
between mismatch and shunt when supplemental oxygen is
administered? V' / Q' mismatch will respond to supplemental oxygen.
a. Both will respond equally well. DIF: Recall REF: pp. 973-974 OBJ: 2
b. V' / Q' mismatch will respond well but shunt will not.
c. V' / Q' mismatch will not respond but shunt will respond
well.
d. Neither will respond to the administration of
supplemental oxygen.
Which of the following clinical signs suggest more severe ANS: C
hypoxemia?
More severe hypoxemia can lead to significant central nervous system dysfunction,
a. Tachycardia ranging
b. Cyanosis with polycythemia from irritability to confusion to coma.
c. Central nervous system dysfunction
d. Use of accessory muscles DIF: Recall REF: p. 974 OBJ: 2
Which of the following clinical signs is most often ANS: B
associated with hypoxemia due to shunt?
Shunt usually presents with a "white" chest radiograph.
a. Diffuse wheezing
b. "White" chest radiograph DIF: Recall REF: p. 974 OBJ: 2
c. Stridor
d. Loud P2
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, 9/13/26, 5:17 AM Chapter 45- Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support egans Flashcards | Quizlet
A patient with interstitial lung disease who presents with ANS: B
hypoxemia due to diffusion defect would have which of the
following clinical signs? Patients may have clubbing of the nail beds. Rheumatologic manifestations may be
1. Fine bibasilar crackles present if the underlying cause is a connective tissue disorder. Joint abnormalities,
2. Clubbing of the finger nail beds Reynaud disease, and telangiectasia (a vascular lesion formed by dilatation of a
3. Jugular venous distention group of small blood vessels) may
4. Thrombocytopenia be observed. The pallor of anemia can be a clue to poor gas exchange, although
chronic hypoxemia may lead to polycythemia and possibly cyanosis. Pulmonary
a. 1 and 2 only hypertension may present with signs of right heart failure such as edema, jugular vein
b. 1, 2, and 3 only distension, and a louder
c. 3 and 4 only pulmonary component of the second heart sound.
d. 2, 3, and 4 only
DIF: Recall REF: pp. 974-975 OBJ: 2
What type of disease is associated with perfusion/diffusion ANS: D
impairment?
Perfusion/diffusion impairment is a rare cause of hypoxemia found in individuals with
a. Liver disease liver
b. Renal disease disease complicated by the hepatopulmonary syndrome.
c. Neuromuscular disease
d. Vascular disease DIF: Recall REF: p. 975 OBJ: 3
What is the most common cause of low mixed venous ANS: B
oxygen?
Congestive heart failure with low cardiac output is the most common cause of low
a. Liver disease mixed
b. Cardiac disease venous oxygen, due to increased peripheral extraction of oxygen.
c. Neuromuscular disease
d. Vascular disease DIF: Recall REF: pp. 975-976 OBJ: 3
https://quizlet.com/883703087/chapter-45-respiratory-failure-and-the-need-for-ventilatory-support-egans-flash-cards/?funnelUUID=d31675e0-6fc9-4bd9-933d-b0c398e45727 5/22
Hypercapnic (type II) respiratory failure is a synonym for ANS: D
which one of the following terms?
Hypercapnic respiratory failure is also known as ventilatory failure.
a. Mismatching
b. Shunt DIF: Recall REF: p. 973 OBJ: 2
c. Diffusion impairment
d. Ventilatory failure
Which of the following can cause hypoxemia? ANS: C
1. Diffusion impairment
2. Alveolar hypoventilation Hypoxemia can be caused by mismatch, shunt, alveolar hypoventilation, diffusion
3. mismatch impairment, perfusion impairment, decreased inspired oxygen, and venous
4. Intrapulmonary shunting admixture.
a. 1, 2, and 3 only DIF: Recall REF: p. 973 OBJ: 2
b. 1, 3, and 4 only
c. 1, 2, 3, and 4
d. 2, 3, and 4 only
https://quizlet.com/883703087/chapter-45-respiratory-failure-and-the-need-for-ventilatory-support-egans-flash-cards/?funnelUUID=d31675e0-6fc9-4bd9-933d-b0c398e45727 3/22
,9/13/26, 5:17 AM Chapter 45- Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support egans Flashcards | Quizlet
Which of the following best describes the difference ANS: B
between mismatch and shunt when supplemental oxygen is
administered? V' / Q' mismatch will respond to supplemental oxygen.
a. Both will respond equally well. DIF: Recall REF: pp. 973-974 OBJ: 2
b. V' / Q' mismatch will respond well but shunt will not.
c. V' / Q' mismatch will not respond but shunt will respond
well.
d. Neither will respond to the administration of
supplemental oxygen.
Which of the following clinical signs suggest more severe ANS: C
hypoxemia?
More severe hypoxemia can lead to significant central nervous system dysfunction,
a. Tachycardia ranging
b. Cyanosis with polycythemia from irritability to confusion to coma.
c. Central nervous system dysfunction
d. Use of accessory muscles DIF: Recall REF: p. 974 OBJ: 2
Which of the following clinical signs is most often ANS: B
associated with hypoxemia due to shunt?
Shunt usually presents with a "white" chest radiograph.
a. Diffuse wheezing
b. "White" chest radiograph DIF: Recall REF: p. 974 OBJ: 2
c. Stridor
d. Loud P2
https://quizlet.com/883703087/chapter-45-respiratory-failure-and-the-need-for-ventilatory-support-egans-flash-cards/?funnelUUID=d31675e0-6fc9-4bd9-933d-b0c398e45727 4/22
, 9/13/26, 5:17 AM Chapter 45- Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support egans Flashcards | Quizlet
A patient with interstitial lung disease who presents with ANS: B
hypoxemia due to diffusion defect would have which of the
following clinical signs? Patients may have clubbing of the nail beds. Rheumatologic manifestations may be
1. Fine bibasilar crackles present if the underlying cause is a connective tissue disorder. Joint abnormalities,
2. Clubbing of the finger nail beds Reynaud disease, and telangiectasia (a vascular lesion formed by dilatation of a
3. Jugular venous distention group of small blood vessels) may
4. Thrombocytopenia be observed. The pallor of anemia can be a clue to poor gas exchange, although
chronic hypoxemia may lead to polycythemia and possibly cyanosis. Pulmonary
a. 1 and 2 only hypertension may present with signs of right heart failure such as edema, jugular vein
b. 1, 2, and 3 only distension, and a louder
c. 3 and 4 only pulmonary component of the second heart sound.
d. 2, 3, and 4 only
DIF: Recall REF: pp. 974-975 OBJ: 2
What type of disease is associated with perfusion/diffusion ANS: D
impairment?
Perfusion/diffusion impairment is a rare cause of hypoxemia found in individuals with
a. Liver disease liver
b. Renal disease disease complicated by the hepatopulmonary syndrome.
c. Neuromuscular disease
d. Vascular disease DIF: Recall REF: p. 975 OBJ: 3
What is the most common cause of low mixed venous ANS: B
oxygen?
Congestive heart failure with low cardiac output is the most common cause of low
a. Liver disease mixed
b. Cardiac disease venous oxygen, due to increased peripheral extraction of oxygen.
c. Neuromuscular disease
d. Vascular disease DIF: Recall REF: pp. 975-976 OBJ: 3
https://quizlet.com/883703087/chapter-45-respiratory-failure-and-the-need-for-ventilatory-support-egans-flash-cards/?funnelUUID=d31675e0-6fc9-4bd9-933d-b0c398e45727 5/22
