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BNSF ET 01 Radio and Transmission
Systems
CTC - CORRECT ANSWER-Centralized Traffic Control
PTC - CORRECT ANSWER-Positive Train Control
HLCS - CORRECT ANSWER-Hy-rail Limits Compliance System
AEI - CORRECT ANSWER-Automated Equipment Identification
WIFI - CORRECT ANSWER-Wireless IP Connectivity
HOT/EOT - CORRECT ANSWER-Head of Train/End of Train (Telemetry Control)
Simplex - CORRECT ANSWER-Means transmitter and receiver are on the same
frequency. In almost every case this means the radios have a limited range
between each other, unless antennas are at very high elevation. Communication
between the radios is on the same frequency but only one direction at a time.
Half Duplex - CORRECT ANSWER-Means the transmitter and receiver are on
different frequencies. this is normal mode for mobile, portable, or control stations
using repeater systems. Also, means that the receiver is active as long as the
transmitter is not, and the transmitter is active when receiving is not.
Full Duplex - CORRECT ANSWER-Means that the radio is operating on different
transmit and receive frequencies, and is receiving and transmitting at the same
time. Normal repeaters operate in full duplex mode.
NB (Narrow Band) - CORRECT ANSWER--/+2.5 kHz Deviation
Dispatcher - CORRECT ANSWER--In most cases we use simplex
communication mode.
-Simplex transmits and receives on the same Freq, but only one at a time.
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Yard Radio Systems - CORRECT ANSWER-Normally Simplex
Mobile Radio Access Systems (MRAS aka mobile PBX) - CORRECT
ANSWER--Used for portable radio telephone interface.
-MRAS repeaters typically use DUPLEX comm.
-the base station Tx and Rx at the same time, using the same antenna. This is
made possible with the use of very high tuned Q circuits called duplexers. Also,
referred to as Duplexer Cavities because of the construction of duplexer. This
accomplishes a Half Duplex comm system due to the simplex functionality of the
mobile or portable.
Digital or Very Narrow Band radio moulation - CORRECT ANSWER--/+ 1.25 kHz
deviation
-These radios use voice input, through a CODEC for the Tx signal.
-Because this digital modulation ( it is analog audio or it could not Tx or Rx by
radios we use ) it is actually DECoded, that signal is actually built right in the
radio from the data recovered. Usually this makes the audio quality much better
than analog with its accompanying static at times.
-You will experience some latency due to the digital modulation needing some
time to be Coded and Decoded. You can detect a delay if you watch someone
talk into a radio and you Rx it.
CODEC - CORRECT ANSWER-An audio processor using firmware to change
analog signals into a digital signal.
-CODEC is an acronym for COder DECoder.
-It is an audio processor using various algorithms to change audio to data and
back, or video to data and back.
VHF ( Very High Frequency ) - CORRECT ANSWER-Lo is about 30 to 50 MHz
Hi is about 150 to 300 MHz
AAR ( American Ass. Of RR) uses and divides into channels.
-12.5 kHz wide channels are analog and are called Narrow Band, allowing -/+2.5
kHz ( a total of 5kHz) with a guard band on either side of the channel.
-6.25 kHz wide channels are digital Very Narrow band, allowing -/+ 1.25kHz (a
total of 2.5kHz) with a guard band on either side of the channel.
-Both Narrow and Very Narrow channels are used published on the time table.
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UHF ( Ultra High Frequency ) - CORRECT ANSWER-300 Mhz to 3 GHz
-AEI
-ATCS CTC
-EOT / HTD
-Event recorder downloads (depends where)
-Some remote-controlled D-rails, Blue Lights, etc.
Transmitter
(Radio Operation, Testing, and Certification) - CORRECT ANSWER-*Two-way
Voice Radio*
BNSF uses mainly FM
-As of Jan 1 2013 voice radio modulation was limited by the FCC rules, to 2.5kHz
deviation Narrowband Tx, compared to the old 5khz Wideband.
Deviation is FM modulation.
-Number of times the carrier passes through a cycle of high limit, through center
and to the low limit;per second, is the frequency of the modulating frequency or
information we are trying to Tx.
-Radio deviation is checked for FCC compliance with a service monitor.
-Proper procedures for checking deviation are in the service manual of that radio.
-Once deviation is set correctly, despite the radios intended purpose do not
readjust the deviation. this is called "MAX DEVIATION". The equipment that the
radio is connected to, will be adjusted to deliver the correct audio signal level to
the Tx, and accept the radio Rx audio signal level after that is adjusted according
to its manual.
- ICOM FR5000 base stations are set with these parameters.
input 1050Hz audio Freq tone at 40 mVrms into Mic Jack. Then set the Deviation
to -/+ 2.05 kHz
Deviation - CORRECT ANSWER-Means excursion of the Carrier above and
below -/+ the center (unmodulated) RF carrier Frequency.
Kenwood TKR-750 - CORRECT ANSWER-To check audio levels, from radio, to
the IPRGW
-- input a full quieting signal (3-10 uV) with a 1000Hz tone deviation -/+1.5kHz.
on pin 11 (audio) and pin 12 (GND) you should read approximately 360-440
mVrms.
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BNSF ET 01 Radio and Transmission
Systems
CTC - CORRECT ANSWER-Centralized Traffic Control
PTC - CORRECT ANSWER-Positive Train Control
HLCS - CORRECT ANSWER-Hy-rail Limits Compliance System
AEI - CORRECT ANSWER-Automated Equipment Identification
WIFI - CORRECT ANSWER-Wireless IP Connectivity
HOT/EOT - CORRECT ANSWER-Head of Train/End of Train (Telemetry Control)
Simplex - CORRECT ANSWER-Means transmitter and receiver are on the same
frequency. In almost every case this means the radios have a limited range
between each other, unless antennas are at very high elevation. Communication
between the radios is on the same frequency but only one direction at a time.
Half Duplex - CORRECT ANSWER-Means the transmitter and receiver are on
different frequencies. this is normal mode for mobile, portable, or control stations
using repeater systems. Also, means that the receiver is active as long as the
transmitter is not, and the transmitter is active when receiving is not.
Full Duplex - CORRECT ANSWER-Means that the radio is operating on different
transmit and receive frequencies, and is receiving and transmitting at the same
time. Normal repeaters operate in full duplex mode.
NB (Narrow Band) - CORRECT ANSWER--/+2.5 kHz Deviation
Dispatcher - CORRECT ANSWER--In most cases we use simplex
communication mode.
-Simplex transmits and receives on the same Freq, but only one at a time.
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Yard Radio Systems - CORRECT ANSWER-Normally Simplex
Mobile Radio Access Systems (MRAS aka mobile PBX) - CORRECT
ANSWER--Used for portable radio telephone interface.
-MRAS repeaters typically use DUPLEX comm.
-the base station Tx and Rx at the same time, using the same antenna. This is
made possible with the use of very high tuned Q circuits called duplexers. Also,
referred to as Duplexer Cavities because of the construction of duplexer. This
accomplishes a Half Duplex comm system due to the simplex functionality of the
mobile or portable.
Digital or Very Narrow Band radio moulation - CORRECT ANSWER--/+ 1.25 kHz
deviation
-These radios use voice input, through a CODEC for the Tx signal.
-Because this digital modulation ( it is analog audio or it could not Tx or Rx by
radios we use ) it is actually DECoded, that signal is actually built right in the
radio from the data recovered. Usually this makes the audio quality much better
than analog with its accompanying static at times.
-You will experience some latency due to the digital modulation needing some
time to be Coded and Decoded. You can detect a delay if you watch someone
talk into a radio and you Rx it.
CODEC - CORRECT ANSWER-An audio processor using firmware to change
analog signals into a digital signal.
-CODEC is an acronym for COder DECoder.
-It is an audio processor using various algorithms to change audio to data and
back, or video to data and back.
VHF ( Very High Frequency ) - CORRECT ANSWER-Lo is about 30 to 50 MHz
Hi is about 150 to 300 MHz
AAR ( American Ass. Of RR) uses and divides into channels.
-12.5 kHz wide channels are analog and are called Narrow Band, allowing -/+2.5
kHz ( a total of 5kHz) with a guard band on either side of the channel.
-6.25 kHz wide channels are digital Very Narrow band, allowing -/+ 1.25kHz (a
total of 2.5kHz) with a guard band on either side of the channel.
-Both Narrow and Very Narrow channels are used published on the time table.
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UHF ( Ultra High Frequency ) - CORRECT ANSWER-300 Mhz to 3 GHz
-AEI
-ATCS CTC
-EOT / HTD
-Event recorder downloads (depends where)
-Some remote-controlled D-rails, Blue Lights, etc.
Transmitter
(Radio Operation, Testing, and Certification) - CORRECT ANSWER-*Two-way
Voice Radio*
BNSF uses mainly FM
-As of Jan 1 2013 voice radio modulation was limited by the FCC rules, to 2.5kHz
deviation Narrowband Tx, compared to the old 5khz Wideband.
Deviation is FM modulation.
-Number of times the carrier passes through a cycle of high limit, through center
and to the low limit;per second, is the frequency of the modulating frequency or
information we are trying to Tx.
-Radio deviation is checked for FCC compliance with a service monitor.
-Proper procedures for checking deviation are in the service manual of that radio.
-Once deviation is set correctly, despite the radios intended purpose do not
readjust the deviation. this is called "MAX DEVIATION". The equipment that the
radio is connected to, will be adjusted to deliver the correct audio signal level to
the Tx, and accept the radio Rx audio signal level after that is adjusted according
to its manual.
- ICOM FR5000 base stations are set with these parameters.
input 1050Hz audio Freq tone at 40 mVrms into Mic Jack. Then set the Deviation
to -/+ 2.05 kHz
Deviation - CORRECT ANSWER-Means excursion of the Carrier above and
below -/+ the center (unmodulated) RF carrier Frequency.
Kenwood TKR-750 - CORRECT ANSWER-To check audio levels, from radio, to
the IPRGW
-- input a full quieting signal (3-10 uV) with a 1000Hz tone deviation -/+1.5kHz.
on pin 11 (audio) and pin 12 (GND) you should read approximately 360-440
mVrms.
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