A&P 1 LECTURE FINAL EXAM | FROM QUESTION TO
PERFECTION| STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 100.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, cell membrane Answer: the barrier of a cell, that separates the extracellular fluid and the
intercellular fluid, and only allows certain materials to go in and out of the cell
passive transport Answer: the process of a particle moving across a membrane that does not
need energy to move, certain compounds lacking a charge (O2, N2, H2O, and CO2)
active transport Answer: the process of moving particles across the membrane against the
concentration gradient with energy, compounds that have a charge (H+, K+, or Na+) cannot
move easily and need help with energy.
simple diffusion Answer: a type of passive transport that small non-polar substances with move
down the concentration gradient (high to low)
facilitated diffusion Answer: a process of diffusion that takes place with the help of proteins
such as channel proteins (less selective) or carrier proteins (more selective).
osmosis Answer: the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane, occurs
whenever the water concentration differs on the two sides of the membrane
primary active transport Answer: active transport that uses the energy of ATP directly, to move
against the concentration gradient
secondary active transport Answer: form of active transport which does not use ATP as an
energy source; rather, transport is coupled to ion diffusion down a concentration gradient
established by primary active transport.
endocytosis Answer: a form of active transport in which materials from outside the cell come
inside the cell through the cell membrane
exocytosis Answer: process by which materials inside the cell go outside through the cell
membrane
Pinocytosis Answer: a type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its
dissolved solutes.
phagocytosis Answer: a type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole
cells
polar Answer: when electrons are shared unequally
non-polar Answer: when electrons are shared equally
membrane potential Answer: gradient of electrical potential across a cll membrane. in resting
state, all body plasma membranes exhibit a resting membrane potential
transcription Answer: where DNA information is encoded in mRNA
translation Answer: where the information is carried by mRNA is decoded and used to assemble
polypeptides
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
PERFECTION| STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 100.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, cell membrane Answer: the barrier of a cell, that separates the extracellular fluid and the
intercellular fluid, and only allows certain materials to go in and out of the cell
passive transport Answer: the process of a particle moving across a membrane that does not
need energy to move, certain compounds lacking a charge (O2, N2, H2O, and CO2)
active transport Answer: the process of moving particles across the membrane against the
concentration gradient with energy, compounds that have a charge (H+, K+, or Na+) cannot
move easily and need help with energy.
simple diffusion Answer: a type of passive transport that small non-polar substances with move
down the concentration gradient (high to low)
facilitated diffusion Answer: a process of diffusion that takes place with the help of proteins
such as channel proteins (less selective) or carrier proteins (more selective).
osmosis Answer: the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane, occurs
whenever the water concentration differs on the two sides of the membrane
primary active transport Answer: active transport that uses the energy of ATP directly, to move
against the concentration gradient
secondary active transport Answer: form of active transport which does not use ATP as an
energy source; rather, transport is coupled to ion diffusion down a concentration gradient
established by primary active transport.
endocytosis Answer: a form of active transport in which materials from outside the cell come
inside the cell through the cell membrane
exocytosis Answer: process by which materials inside the cell go outside through the cell
membrane
Pinocytosis Answer: a type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its
dissolved solutes.
phagocytosis Answer: a type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole
cells
polar Answer: when electrons are shared unequally
non-polar Answer: when electrons are shared equally
membrane potential Answer: gradient of electrical potential across a cll membrane. in resting
state, all body plasma membranes exhibit a resting membrane potential
transcription Answer: where DNA information is encoded in mRNA
translation Answer: where the information is carried by mRNA is decoded and used to assemble
polypeptides
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
