NUR 2063 / NUR2063: Essentials of
Pathophysiology Exam 1 | Rasmussen University |
Verified Questions and Answers | A+ Graded |
Latest 2026/2027 Edition
1. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?
A) Nucleus
B) Mitochondrion
C) Ribosome
D) Golgi apparatus
Answer B: Mitochondrion
Rationale: Mitochondria perform oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP via cellular respiration.
2. Which of the following is the site of protein synthesis?
A) Nucleus
B) Mitochondrion
C) Ribosome
D) Lysosome
Answer C: Ribosome
Rationale: Ribosomes are the sites of translation where mRNA is used to assemble proteins.
3. Which organelle modifies and packages proteins?
A) Ribosome
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Endoplasmic reticulum
D) Lysosome
Answer B: Golgi apparatus
,Rationale: The Golgi modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery.
4. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes to break down cellular waste?
A) Ribosome
B) Lysosome
C) Mitochondrion
D) Vacuole
Answer B: Lysosome
Rationale: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion.
5. Which of the following is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Regulating the passage of substances
C) ATP production
D) DNA replication
Answer B: Regulating the passage of substances
Rationale: The plasma membrane is selectively permeable, controlling what enters and leaves the cell.
6. The plasma membrane is primarily composed of:
A) Cellulose and chitin
B) Phospholipids and proteins
C) Nucleic acids and amino acids
D) Glycogen and starch
Answer B: Phospholipids and proteins
Rationale: The phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins forms the basic structure of cell
membranes.
,7. Which of the following is an example of passive transport?
A) Sodium-potassium pump
B) Diffusion
C) Endocytosis
D) Exocytosis
Answer B: Diffusion
Rationale: Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from high to low concentration without
energy.
8. Which of the following requires ATP?
A) Diffusion
B) Osmosis
C) Active transport
D) Facilitated diffusion
Answer C: Active transport
Rationale: Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires ATP.
9. The sodium-potassium pump moves:
A) 2 Na⁺ in, 3 K⁺ out
B) 3 Na⁺ out, 2 K⁺ in
C) 3 Na⁺ in, 2 K⁺ out
D) 2 Na⁺ out, 3 K⁺ in
Answer B: 3 Na⁺ out, 2 K⁺ in
Rationale: The Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase pumps 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions in, using ATP.
10. A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:
A) Swell and burst
B) Shrink due to water loss
, C) Remain unchanged
D) Actively pump water in
Answer B: Shrink due to water loss
Rationale: Water moves out of the cell by osmosis, causing it to shrink (crenation).
11. A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:
A) Swell and possibly burst
B) Shrink
C) Remain unchanged
D) Actively pump water out
Answer A: Swell and possibly burst
Rationale: Water moves into the cell by osmosis, causing it to swell (lysis).
12. Which of the following is the correct order of the cell cycle?
A) G1 → G2 → S → M
B) S → G1 → G2 → M
C) G1 → S → G2 → M
D) M → G1 → S → G2
Answer C: G1 → S → G2 → M
Rationale: Cell cycle: G1 (growth), S (DNA synthesis), G2 (preparation), M (mitosis).
13. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
A) G1
B) S
C) G2
D) M
Answer B: S
Rationale: DNA synthesis (S phase) is when the genome is replicated.
Pathophysiology Exam 1 | Rasmussen University |
Verified Questions and Answers | A+ Graded |
Latest 2026/2027 Edition
1. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?
A) Nucleus
B) Mitochondrion
C) Ribosome
D) Golgi apparatus
Answer B: Mitochondrion
Rationale: Mitochondria perform oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP via cellular respiration.
2. Which of the following is the site of protein synthesis?
A) Nucleus
B) Mitochondrion
C) Ribosome
D) Lysosome
Answer C: Ribosome
Rationale: Ribosomes are the sites of translation where mRNA is used to assemble proteins.
3. Which organelle modifies and packages proteins?
A) Ribosome
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Endoplasmic reticulum
D) Lysosome
Answer B: Golgi apparatus
,Rationale: The Golgi modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery.
4. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes to break down cellular waste?
A) Ribosome
B) Lysosome
C) Mitochondrion
D) Vacuole
Answer B: Lysosome
Rationale: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion.
5. Which of the following is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Regulating the passage of substances
C) ATP production
D) DNA replication
Answer B: Regulating the passage of substances
Rationale: The plasma membrane is selectively permeable, controlling what enters and leaves the cell.
6. The plasma membrane is primarily composed of:
A) Cellulose and chitin
B) Phospholipids and proteins
C) Nucleic acids and amino acids
D) Glycogen and starch
Answer B: Phospholipids and proteins
Rationale: The phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins forms the basic structure of cell
membranes.
,7. Which of the following is an example of passive transport?
A) Sodium-potassium pump
B) Diffusion
C) Endocytosis
D) Exocytosis
Answer B: Diffusion
Rationale: Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from high to low concentration without
energy.
8. Which of the following requires ATP?
A) Diffusion
B) Osmosis
C) Active transport
D) Facilitated diffusion
Answer C: Active transport
Rationale: Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires ATP.
9. The sodium-potassium pump moves:
A) 2 Na⁺ in, 3 K⁺ out
B) 3 Na⁺ out, 2 K⁺ in
C) 3 Na⁺ in, 2 K⁺ out
D) 2 Na⁺ out, 3 K⁺ in
Answer B: 3 Na⁺ out, 2 K⁺ in
Rationale: The Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase pumps 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions in, using ATP.
10. A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:
A) Swell and burst
B) Shrink due to water loss
, C) Remain unchanged
D) Actively pump water in
Answer B: Shrink due to water loss
Rationale: Water moves out of the cell by osmosis, causing it to shrink (crenation).
11. A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:
A) Swell and possibly burst
B) Shrink
C) Remain unchanged
D) Actively pump water out
Answer A: Swell and possibly burst
Rationale: Water moves into the cell by osmosis, causing it to swell (lysis).
12. Which of the following is the correct order of the cell cycle?
A) G1 → G2 → S → M
B) S → G1 → G2 → M
C) G1 → S → G2 → M
D) M → G1 → S → G2
Answer C: G1 → S → G2 → M
Rationale: Cell cycle: G1 (growth), S (DNA synthesis), G2 (preparation), M (mitosis).
13. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
A) G1
B) S
C) G2
D) M
Answer B: S
Rationale: DNA synthesis (S phase) is when the genome is replicated.
