NUR 2063 / NUR2063: Essentials of
Pathophysiology Exam 2 | Rasmussen University |
Verified Questions and Answers | A+ Graded |
Latest 2026/2027 Edition
1. Which of the following is an example of cellular atrophy?
A) Increased cell size
B) Decreased cell size
C) Increased cell number
D) Change in cell type
Answer B: Decreased cell size
Rationale: Atrophy is a decrease in cell size, often due to disuse, denervation, or reduced blood supply.
2. A client's muscle cells increase in size due to weightlifting. This is an example of:
A) Atrophy
B) Hypertrophy
C) Hyperplasia
D) Metaplasia
Answer B: Hypertrophy
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size in response to increased demand.
3. A woman's breast tissue enlarges during pregnancy due to an increase in cell number. This is:
A) Hypertrophy
B) Hyperplasia
C) Atrophy
D) Metaplasia
Answer B: Hyperplasia
,Rationale: Hyperplasia is an increase in cell number, often hormonal.
4. A smoker's bronchial epithelium changes from columnar to squamous. This is:
A) Dysplasia
B) Metaplasia
C) Hyperplasia
D) Atrophy
Answer B: Metaplasia
Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell type with another.
5. Cervical cells show disordered growth and variation in size and shape. This is:
A) Metaplasia
B) Dysplasia
C) Hyperplasia
D) Atrophy
Answer B: Dysplasia
Rationale: Dysplasia is disordered, atypical cell growth, often a precursor to malignancy.
6. Which type of cell death is programmed and does not cause inflammation?
A) Necrosis
B) Apoptosis
C) Gangrene
D) Coagulation
Answer B: Apoptosis
Rationale: Apoptosis is programmed cell death that does not trigger inflammation.
7. Which type of necrosis is characterized by tissue softening and liquefaction?
,A) Coagulative
B) Liquefactive
C) Caseous
D) Fat
Answer B: Liquefactive
Rationale: Liquefactive necrosis occurs in brain tissue and abscesses, with enzymatic digestion.
8. Which type of necrosis is typical of tuberculosis?
A) Coagulative
B) Liquefactive
C) Caseous
D) Fat
Answer C: Caseous
Rationale: Caseous necrosis is a cheese-like form seen in tuberculosis and fungal infections.
9. Which type of necrosis occurs in ischemic tissue such as the heart?
A) Coagulative
B) Liquefactive
C) Caseous
D) Fat
Answer A: Coagulative
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis preserves tissue architecture and occurs in ischemic injury (e.g., MI).
10. Which type of necrosis occurs in the pancreas due to enzyme release?
A) Coagulative
B) Liquefactive
C) Caseous
D) Fat
, Answer D: Fat
Rationale: Fat necrosis occurs in the pancreas when lipases digest fat cells.
11. The cardinal signs of inflammation include all EXCEPT:
A) Redness
B) Heat
C) Swelling
D) Bradycardia
Answer D: Bradycardia
Rationale: Cardinal signs: redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function.
12. Which chemical mediator is primarily responsible for vasodilation in acute inflammation?
A) Leukotrienes
B) Histamine
C) Prostaglandins
D) Bradykinin
Answer B: Histamine
Rationale: Histamine causes vasodilation and increased vascular permeability.
13. Which cell is the first responder in acute inflammation?
A) Lymphocyte
B) Neutrophil
C) Macrophage
D) Eosinophil
Answer B: Neutrophil
Rationale: Neutrophils are the first WBCs to arrive at the site of acute inflammation.
Pathophysiology Exam 2 | Rasmussen University |
Verified Questions and Answers | A+ Graded |
Latest 2026/2027 Edition
1. Which of the following is an example of cellular atrophy?
A) Increased cell size
B) Decreased cell size
C) Increased cell number
D) Change in cell type
Answer B: Decreased cell size
Rationale: Atrophy is a decrease in cell size, often due to disuse, denervation, or reduced blood supply.
2. A client's muscle cells increase in size due to weightlifting. This is an example of:
A) Atrophy
B) Hypertrophy
C) Hyperplasia
D) Metaplasia
Answer B: Hypertrophy
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size in response to increased demand.
3. A woman's breast tissue enlarges during pregnancy due to an increase in cell number. This is:
A) Hypertrophy
B) Hyperplasia
C) Atrophy
D) Metaplasia
Answer B: Hyperplasia
,Rationale: Hyperplasia is an increase in cell number, often hormonal.
4. A smoker's bronchial epithelium changes from columnar to squamous. This is:
A) Dysplasia
B) Metaplasia
C) Hyperplasia
D) Atrophy
Answer B: Metaplasia
Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell type with another.
5. Cervical cells show disordered growth and variation in size and shape. This is:
A) Metaplasia
B) Dysplasia
C) Hyperplasia
D) Atrophy
Answer B: Dysplasia
Rationale: Dysplasia is disordered, atypical cell growth, often a precursor to malignancy.
6. Which type of cell death is programmed and does not cause inflammation?
A) Necrosis
B) Apoptosis
C) Gangrene
D) Coagulation
Answer B: Apoptosis
Rationale: Apoptosis is programmed cell death that does not trigger inflammation.
7. Which type of necrosis is characterized by tissue softening and liquefaction?
,A) Coagulative
B) Liquefactive
C) Caseous
D) Fat
Answer B: Liquefactive
Rationale: Liquefactive necrosis occurs in brain tissue and abscesses, with enzymatic digestion.
8. Which type of necrosis is typical of tuberculosis?
A) Coagulative
B) Liquefactive
C) Caseous
D) Fat
Answer C: Caseous
Rationale: Caseous necrosis is a cheese-like form seen in tuberculosis and fungal infections.
9. Which type of necrosis occurs in ischemic tissue such as the heart?
A) Coagulative
B) Liquefactive
C) Caseous
D) Fat
Answer A: Coagulative
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis preserves tissue architecture and occurs in ischemic injury (e.g., MI).
10. Which type of necrosis occurs in the pancreas due to enzyme release?
A) Coagulative
B) Liquefactive
C) Caseous
D) Fat
, Answer D: Fat
Rationale: Fat necrosis occurs in the pancreas when lipases digest fat cells.
11. The cardinal signs of inflammation include all EXCEPT:
A) Redness
B) Heat
C) Swelling
D) Bradycardia
Answer D: Bradycardia
Rationale: Cardinal signs: redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function.
12. Which chemical mediator is primarily responsible for vasodilation in acute inflammation?
A) Leukotrienes
B) Histamine
C) Prostaglandins
D) Bradykinin
Answer B: Histamine
Rationale: Histamine causes vasodilation and increased vascular permeability.
13. Which cell is the first responder in acute inflammation?
A) Lymphocyte
B) Neutrophil
C) Macrophage
D) Eosinophil
Answer B: Neutrophil
Rationale: Neutrophils are the first WBCs to arrive at the site of acute inflammation.
