RENR Paper 1 & Paper 2 Exam 2026/2027 | Complete Practice
Questions, Answers & Rationales
PAPER 1 — NURSING SCIENCE, FUNDAMENTALS, MEDICAL-SURGICAL
& PHARMACOLOGY
Section 1: Fundamentals of Nursing — Questions 1–50
1. Which step of the nursing process involves collecting subjective and
objective information?
A. Planning
B. Assessment
C. Implementation
D. Evaluation
Answer: B. Assessment
Rationale: Assessment involves systematic collection of patient
information to identify health needs.
2. Which action is most effective for preventing healthcare-associated
infections?
A. Wearing a mask routinely
B. Using antibiotics prophylactically
C. Performing appropriate hand hygiene
D. Keeping patients isolated
Answer: C. Performing appropriate hand hygiene
Rationale: Proper hand hygiene is the most important routine measure
for reducing transmission of microorganisms.
,3. A nurse maintains a patient's confidentiality by:
A. Discussing the patient in a public elevator
B. Sharing information only with authorized healthcare personnel
C. Giving information to friends
D. Leaving the chart open at the nurses' station
Answer: B. Sharing information only with authorized healthcare
personnel
Rationale: Patient information should only be disclosed to people who
have a legitimate professional need to know.
4. Which position is generally preferred for a patient experiencing
difficulty breathing?
A. Supine
B. Prone
C. High Fowler's
D. Trendelenburg
Answer: C. High Fowler's
Rationale: Upright positioning promotes lung expansion and can reduce
the work of breathing.
5. Which finding should the nurse report immediately?
A. Temperature of 36.8°C
B. Pulse of 78/min
C. Respiratory rate of 8/min
D. Blood pressure of 118/74 mmHg
Answer: C. Respiratory rate of 8/min
Rationale: Significant respiratory depression can compromise
oxygenation and requires prompt assessment.
,6. The primary purpose of a nursing care plan is to:
A. Replace medical orders
B. Guide individualized nursing care
C. Determine hospital costs
D. Document billing information
Answer: B. Guide individualized nursing care
Rationale: A care plan organizes nursing interventions according to
identified patient needs.
7. Which action demonstrates patient autonomy?
A. Making decisions for the patient
B. Allowing an informed patient to refuse treatment
C. Withholding information
D. Ignoring patient preferences
Answer: B. Allowing an informed patient to refuse treatment
Rationale: Autonomy recognizes the competent patient's right to make
informed decisions about care.
8. Which nursing action best reduces pressure injury risk?
A. Restricting fluids
B. Repositioning the patient regularly
C. Massaging reddened skin
D. Keeping the patient completely still
Answer: B. Repositioning the patient regularly
Rationale: Regular repositioning reduces prolonged pressure over
vulnerable areas.
9. Which finding is characteristic of dehydration?
A. Moist mucous membranes
, B. Bounding pulse
C. Poor skin turgor
D. Increased urine output
Answer: C. Poor skin turgor
Rationale: Fluid loss may cause dry mucous membranes and decreased
skin turgor.
10. A sterile field becomes contaminated when:
A. It remains above waist level
B. A sterile object touches a nonsterile surface
C. Sterile gloves are used
D. The field is prepared immediately before use
Answer: B. A sterile object touches a nonsterile surface
Rationale: Contact with a nonsterile surface compromises sterility.
11. Which PPE is appropriate when splashing of body fluids is
anticipated?
A. Gloves only
B. Eye protection and appropriate protective clothing
C. Shoe covers only
D. Hair cover only
Answer: B. Eye protection and appropriate protective clothing
Rationale: PPE should protect skin and mucous membranes from
anticipated exposure.
12. The nurse should identify a patient using:
A. Room number only
B. Diagnosis only
Questions, Answers & Rationales
PAPER 1 — NURSING SCIENCE, FUNDAMENTALS, MEDICAL-SURGICAL
& PHARMACOLOGY
Section 1: Fundamentals of Nursing — Questions 1–50
1. Which step of the nursing process involves collecting subjective and
objective information?
A. Planning
B. Assessment
C. Implementation
D. Evaluation
Answer: B. Assessment
Rationale: Assessment involves systematic collection of patient
information to identify health needs.
2. Which action is most effective for preventing healthcare-associated
infections?
A. Wearing a mask routinely
B. Using antibiotics prophylactically
C. Performing appropriate hand hygiene
D. Keeping patients isolated
Answer: C. Performing appropriate hand hygiene
Rationale: Proper hand hygiene is the most important routine measure
for reducing transmission of microorganisms.
,3. A nurse maintains a patient's confidentiality by:
A. Discussing the patient in a public elevator
B. Sharing information only with authorized healthcare personnel
C. Giving information to friends
D. Leaving the chart open at the nurses' station
Answer: B. Sharing information only with authorized healthcare
personnel
Rationale: Patient information should only be disclosed to people who
have a legitimate professional need to know.
4. Which position is generally preferred for a patient experiencing
difficulty breathing?
A. Supine
B. Prone
C. High Fowler's
D. Trendelenburg
Answer: C. High Fowler's
Rationale: Upright positioning promotes lung expansion and can reduce
the work of breathing.
5. Which finding should the nurse report immediately?
A. Temperature of 36.8°C
B. Pulse of 78/min
C. Respiratory rate of 8/min
D. Blood pressure of 118/74 mmHg
Answer: C. Respiratory rate of 8/min
Rationale: Significant respiratory depression can compromise
oxygenation and requires prompt assessment.
,6. The primary purpose of a nursing care plan is to:
A. Replace medical orders
B. Guide individualized nursing care
C. Determine hospital costs
D. Document billing information
Answer: B. Guide individualized nursing care
Rationale: A care plan organizes nursing interventions according to
identified patient needs.
7. Which action demonstrates patient autonomy?
A. Making decisions for the patient
B. Allowing an informed patient to refuse treatment
C. Withholding information
D. Ignoring patient preferences
Answer: B. Allowing an informed patient to refuse treatment
Rationale: Autonomy recognizes the competent patient's right to make
informed decisions about care.
8. Which nursing action best reduces pressure injury risk?
A. Restricting fluids
B. Repositioning the patient regularly
C. Massaging reddened skin
D. Keeping the patient completely still
Answer: B. Repositioning the patient regularly
Rationale: Regular repositioning reduces prolonged pressure over
vulnerable areas.
9. Which finding is characteristic of dehydration?
A. Moist mucous membranes
, B. Bounding pulse
C. Poor skin turgor
D. Increased urine output
Answer: C. Poor skin turgor
Rationale: Fluid loss may cause dry mucous membranes and decreased
skin turgor.
10. A sterile field becomes contaminated when:
A. It remains above waist level
B. A sterile object touches a nonsterile surface
C. Sterile gloves are used
D. The field is prepared immediately before use
Answer: B. A sterile object touches a nonsterile surface
Rationale: Contact with a nonsterile surface compromises sterility.
11. Which PPE is appropriate when splashing of body fluids is
anticipated?
A. Gloves only
B. Eye protection and appropriate protective clothing
C. Shoe covers only
D. Hair cover only
Answer: B. Eye protection and appropriate protective clothing
Rationale: PPE should protect skin and mucous membranes from
anticipated exposure.
12. The nurse should identify a patient using:
A. Room number only
B. Diagnosis only
