Page 1 of 32
BIOL180 PRACTICE EXAM 2026/2027 COMPLETE
CURRENT TESTING QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES.
BIOL
Prepare for the BIOL180 Practice Exam with this focused study resource designed to
reinforce essential biology concepts covered throughout the course. Use it to review
key topics, strengthen your understanding, and identify areas that may require
additional study before the assessment. This resource provides a structured
supplement to your coursework and can help improve your overall exam readiness. It
is a convenient tool for organizing your review and approaching the BIOL180 exam with
greater confidence.
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
Module 1: Scientific Method, Chemistry & Macromolecules (Questions 1–
15)
1. Which step of the scientific method involves a testable prediction?
A. Observation
B. Hypothesis
C. Conclusion
D. Theory
Answer: B
Rationale: A hypothesis is a testable, falsifiable prediction based on
observations and prior knowledge.
2. In an experiment, the variable that the researcher manipulates is the:
A. Dependent variable
B. Control variable
C. Independent variable
D. Constant
Answer: C
Rationale: The independent variable is intentionally changed or
manipulated by the researcher.
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3. A well-supported explanation that has withstood extensive testing is
called a:
A. Hypothesis
B. Theory
C. Law
D. Guess
Answer: B
Rationale: A scientific theory is a broad, well-supported explanation
supported by many lines of evidence.
4. Which property of water allows it to dissolve many substances?
A. Low specific heat
B. Polarity
C. Low density as a solid
D. Nonpolarity
Answer: B
Rationale: Water is polar, so it dissolves ionic and polar substances,
making it a universal solvent.
5. A solution with a pH of 3 is:
A. Neutral
B. Basic
C. Acidic
D. Alkaline
Answer: C
Rationale: pH below 7 is acidic; pH above 7 is basic; pH 7 is neutral.
6. Which macromolecule is composed of amino acids?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Lipid
C. Protein
D. Nucleic acid
Answer: C
Rationale: Proteins are polymers made of amino acid monomers linked by
peptide bonds.
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7. Which macromolecule stores genetic information?
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Carbohydrate
D. Nucleic acid
Answer: D
Rationale: Nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, store and transmit genetic
information.
8. Which bond forms between two amino acids?
A. Glycosidic bond
B. Peptide bond
C. Ester bond
D. Hydrogen bond
Answer: B
Rationale: Amino acids are joined by peptide bonds during protein
synthesis.
9. Which of the following is a monosaccharide?
A. Sucrose
B. Glucose
C. Starch
D. Cellulose
Answer: B
Rationale: Glucose is a monosaccharide; sucrose is a disaccharide;
starch and cellulose are polysaccharides.
10. Which lipid is a major component of cell membranes?
A. Triglyceride
B. Phospholipid
C. Steroid
D. Wax
Answer: B
Rationale: Phospholipids form the bilayer of cell membranes due to their
amphipathic nature.
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11. Enzymes are biological catalysts that:
A. Increase activation energy
B. Lower activation energy
C. Are consumed in reactions
D. Change the equilibrium constant
Answer: B
Rationale: Enzymes speed reactions by lowering activation energy
without being consumed.
12. Which of the following is an example of a nucleic acid?
A. ATP
B. DNA
C. Glucose
D. Collagen
Answer: B
Rationale: DNA is a nucleic acid; ATP is a nucleotide derivative; glucose is
a carbohydrate; collagen is a protein.
13. The primary structure of a protein refers to its:
A. Alpha helix or beta sheet
B. Amino acid sequence
C. 3D folded shape
D. Subunit arrangement
Answer: B
Rationale: Primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids.
14. Which type of bond is responsible for holding the two strands of DNA
together?
A. Covalent bonds
B. Ionic bonds
C. Hydrogen bonds
D. Peptide bonds
Answer: C
Rationale: Hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs hold DNA
strands together.
BIOL180 PRACTICE EXAM 2026/2027 COMPLETE
CURRENT TESTING QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES.
BIOL
Prepare for the BIOL180 Practice Exam with this focused study resource designed to
reinforce essential biology concepts covered throughout the course. Use it to review
key topics, strengthen your understanding, and identify areas that may require
additional study before the assessment. This resource provides a structured
supplement to your coursework and can help improve your overall exam readiness. It
is a convenient tool for organizing your review and approaching the BIOL180 exam with
greater confidence.
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
Module 1: Scientific Method, Chemistry & Macromolecules (Questions 1–
15)
1. Which step of the scientific method involves a testable prediction?
A. Observation
B. Hypothesis
C. Conclusion
D. Theory
Answer: B
Rationale: A hypothesis is a testable, falsifiable prediction based on
observations and prior knowledge.
2. In an experiment, the variable that the researcher manipulates is the:
A. Dependent variable
B. Control variable
C. Independent variable
D. Constant
Answer: C
Rationale: The independent variable is intentionally changed or
manipulated by the researcher.
, Page 2 of 32
3. A well-supported explanation that has withstood extensive testing is
called a:
A. Hypothesis
B. Theory
C. Law
D. Guess
Answer: B
Rationale: A scientific theory is a broad, well-supported explanation
supported by many lines of evidence.
4. Which property of water allows it to dissolve many substances?
A. Low specific heat
B. Polarity
C. Low density as a solid
D. Nonpolarity
Answer: B
Rationale: Water is polar, so it dissolves ionic and polar substances,
making it a universal solvent.
5. A solution with a pH of 3 is:
A. Neutral
B. Basic
C. Acidic
D. Alkaline
Answer: C
Rationale: pH below 7 is acidic; pH above 7 is basic; pH 7 is neutral.
6. Which macromolecule is composed of amino acids?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Lipid
C. Protein
D. Nucleic acid
Answer: C
Rationale: Proteins are polymers made of amino acid monomers linked by
peptide bonds.
, Page 3 of 32
7. Which macromolecule stores genetic information?
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Carbohydrate
D. Nucleic acid
Answer: D
Rationale: Nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, store and transmit genetic
information.
8. Which bond forms between two amino acids?
A. Glycosidic bond
B. Peptide bond
C. Ester bond
D. Hydrogen bond
Answer: B
Rationale: Amino acids are joined by peptide bonds during protein
synthesis.
9. Which of the following is a monosaccharide?
A. Sucrose
B. Glucose
C. Starch
D. Cellulose
Answer: B
Rationale: Glucose is a monosaccharide; sucrose is a disaccharide;
starch and cellulose are polysaccharides.
10. Which lipid is a major component of cell membranes?
A. Triglyceride
B. Phospholipid
C. Steroid
D. Wax
Answer: B
Rationale: Phospholipids form the bilayer of cell membranes due to their
amphipathic nature.
, Page 4 of 32
11. Enzymes are biological catalysts that:
A. Increase activation energy
B. Lower activation energy
C. Are consumed in reactions
D. Change the equilibrium constant
Answer: B
Rationale: Enzymes speed reactions by lowering activation energy
without being consumed.
12. Which of the following is an example of a nucleic acid?
A. ATP
B. DNA
C. Glucose
D. Collagen
Answer: B
Rationale: DNA is a nucleic acid; ATP is a nucleotide derivative; glucose is
a carbohydrate; collagen is a protein.
13. The primary structure of a protein refers to its:
A. Alpha helix or beta sheet
B. Amino acid sequence
C. 3D folded shape
D. Subunit arrangement
Answer: B
Rationale: Primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids.
14. Which type of bond is responsible for holding the two strands of DNA
together?
A. Covalent bonds
B. Ionic bonds
C. Hydrogen bonds
D. Peptide bonds
Answer: C
Rationale: Hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs hold DNA
strands together.
