NSG 3130 Exam 1: Comprehensive
Practice Questions with Evidence-
Based Rationales for Foundational
Nursing Concepts, Health Promotion,
Cultural Competence, and Safe
Patient-Centered Care
1. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), which of the
following best defines health?
A. The absence of disease or infirmity
B. A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
C. The ability to perform activities of daily living independently
D. Freedom from pain and suffering
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: WHO defines health as "a state of complete physical, mental,
and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity,"
emphasizing a holistic concept of health.
2. An individual patient defines their health based on their own values,
experiences, and ways of living. This is known as:
A. The WHO definition of health
B. Individual health definition
C. Holistic health
D. Cultural health perspective
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Individual health definition emphasizes that each person has a
unique perspective on health based on their own values, experiences, and
ways of living, which differs from the standardized WHO definition.
3. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which patient need must
be addressed first?
A. A patient expressing feelings of loneliness
B. A patient requesting positive feedback on their progress
C. A patient with difficulty breathing
D. A patient wanting to discuss their life accomplishments
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Maslow's hierarchy places physiological needs at the base,
including air, food, water, etc. Airway, breathing, and circulation are the
most fundamental physiological needs that must be met before higher-
level needs such as love and belonging or self-esteem.
4. A nurse is caring for a patient who just received a terminal
diagnosis. The patient expresses fear about dying alone. According to
Maslow's hierarchy, which level of need is this patient expressing?
A. Physiological needs
B. Safety and security
C. Relationships, love, and affection
D. Self-esteem
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The need for relationships, love, and affection is level 3 in
Maslow's hierarchy. Fear of dying alone reflects concern about connection
and belonging, which falls under this category.
5. A nurse is implementing a community vaccination program. This
activity is an example of which level of prevention?
,A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Health promotion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it occurs by
removing causes or increasing resistance. Immunization is a classic example
of primary prevention because it is administered before disease is
established.
6. A nurse teaches a patient how to perform monthly breast self-
examinations. This is an example of which level of prevention?
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Disease treatment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and diagnosis
of health problems before symptoms appear. Screening tests and teaching
self-examination for early cancer detection are key examples of secondary
prevention.
7. A nurse is caring for a patient who had a stroke and is now receiving
physical therapy to regain the ability to walk. This is an example of
which level of prevention?
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Health maintenance
, Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tertiary prevention focuses on restoration and rehabilitation
after illness to help patients return to optimal function. Physical therapy
after stroke is a typical example of tertiary prevention.
8. The Health Belief Model (HBM) explains that people take preventive
actions based on: (Select all that apply)
A. Perceived susceptibility to the illness
B. Perceived severity of the illness
C. Perceived benefits of taking action
D. Perceived barriers to taking action
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: The Health Belief Model includes perceived susceptibility,
severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy as factors
influencing preventive health behavior.
9. The Health Promotion Model (HPM) describes health behavior as
motivated by:
A. Fear of disease
B. Desire to increase well-being
C. Economic factors
D. Genetic predisposition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Health Promotion Model views health as a positive dynamic
state, with behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being rather
than fear of disease.
10. Which model views the body, mind, and environment as
interacting, with the patient as an active participant in the healing
process?
A. Health Belief Model
Practice Questions with Evidence-
Based Rationales for Foundational
Nursing Concepts, Health Promotion,
Cultural Competence, and Safe
Patient-Centered Care
1. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), which of the
following best defines health?
A. The absence of disease or infirmity
B. A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
C. The ability to perform activities of daily living independently
D. Freedom from pain and suffering
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: WHO defines health as "a state of complete physical, mental,
and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity,"
emphasizing a holistic concept of health.
2. An individual patient defines their health based on their own values,
experiences, and ways of living. This is known as:
A. The WHO definition of health
B. Individual health definition
C. Holistic health
D. Cultural health perspective
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Individual health definition emphasizes that each person has a
unique perspective on health based on their own values, experiences, and
ways of living, which differs from the standardized WHO definition.
3. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which patient need must
be addressed first?
A. A patient expressing feelings of loneliness
B. A patient requesting positive feedback on their progress
C. A patient with difficulty breathing
D. A patient wanting to discuss their life accomplishments
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Maslow's hierarchy places physiological needs at the base,
including air, food, water, etc. Airway, breathing, and circulation are the
most fundamental physiological needs that must be met before higher-
level needs such as love and belonging or self-esteem.
4. A nurse is caring for a patient who just received a terminal
diagnosis. The patient expresses fear about dying alone. According to
Maslow's hierarchy, which level of need is this patient expressing?
A. Physiological needs
B. Safety and security
C. Relationships, love, and affection
D. Self-esteem
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The need for relationships, love, and affection is level 3 in
Maslow's hierarchy. Fear of dying alone reflects concern about connection
and belonging, which falls under this category.
5. A nurse is implementing a community vaccination program. This
activity is an example of which level of prevention?
,A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Health promotion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it occurs by
removing causes or increasing resistance. Immunization is a classic example
of primary prevention because it is administered before disease is
established.
6. A nurse teaches a patient how to perform monthly breast self-
examinations. This is an example of which level of prevention?
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Disease treatment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and diagnosis
of health problems before symptoms appear. Screening tests and teaching
self-examination for early cancer detection are key examples of secondary
prevention.
7. A nurse is caring for a patient who had a stroke and is now receiving
physical therapy to regain the ability to walk. This is an example of
which level of prevention?
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Health maintenance
, Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tertiary prevention focuses on restoration and rehabilitation
after illness to help patients return to optimal function. Physical therapy
after stroke is a typical example of tertiary prevention.
8. The Health Belief Model (HBM) explains that people take preventive
actions based on: (Select all that apply)
A. Perceived susceptibility to the illness
B. Perceived severity of the illness
C. Perceived benefits of taking action
D. Perceived barriers to taking action
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: The Health Belief Model includes perceived susceptibility,
severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy as factors
influencing preventive health behavior.
9. The Health Promotion Model (HPM) describes health behavior as
motivated by:
A. Fear of disease
B. Desire to increase well-being
C. Economic factors
D. Genetic predisposition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Health Promotion Model views health as a positive dynamic
state, with behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being rather
than fear of disease.
10. Which model views the body, mind, and environment as
interacting, with the patient as an active participant in the healing
process?
A. Health Belief Model
