,Chapter 1: The History of Mental Health Care
Multiple-Choice Questions (40 Questions)
1. The belief of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato that the rational soul controlled the irrational soul
could be compared with the belief of the more recent psychological theorist:
A) Freud
B) Pinel
C) Fisher
D) Rush
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Freud similarly believed that mental illness was caused by forces both within and outside the
personality, comparable to Plato's concept of rational and irrational soul elements.
2. During the mid-1500s, behaviors associated with mental illness were more accurately recorded by
professionals. This practice led to __________ for different abnormal behaviors. A) Classifications
B) Diagnosing
C) Treatment
D) Education
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: More accurate recording of behaviors led to the classification of different abnormal behaviors,
a precursor to modern diagnosis.
3. During the latter part of the eighteenth century, psychiatry became a separate branch of medicine,
and inhumane treatment was greatly diminished by the French hospital director: A) Dix
B) Beers
C) Carter
D) Pinel
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of mentally ill individuals as human beings in need of
medical assistance, greatly diminishing inhumane treatment.
4. In 1841, __________ surveyed asylums, jails, and almshouses throughout the United States, Canada,
and Scotland and is credited with bringing about public awareness and reform for the care of the
mentally ill. A) Sigmund Freud
B) John Cade
C) Florence Nightingale D) Dorothea Dix
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dorothea Dix spent 20 years surveying facilities housing mentally ill individuals and is credited
with major changes in their care.
5. As a direct result of Clifford Beers' work and book, A Mind That Found Itself, the Committee for Mental
Hygiene was formed in 1909 with a focus on prevention of mental illness and:
A) Early detection of symptoms of mental illness
,B) Education of caregivers
C) Current treatment options
D) Removing the stigma attached to mental illness
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Beers' work raised consciousness regarding prevention and removal of the stigma of having a
mental illness.
6. During the 1930s, what common treatment for schizophrenia caused clients to fall into a coma that
could last as long as 50 hours?
A) Electroconvulsive therapy
B) Insulin therapy
C) Humoral therapy
D) Amphetamine therapy Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin therapy was believed to successfully treat schizophrenia in the early 1900s, inducing
comas.
7. In the 1930s, what mental health disorder was electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) most often used to
treat?
A) Schizophrenia
B) Bipolar disorder
C) Severe depression
D) Violent behavior Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ECT was found to be an effective treatment for severe depression in the 1930s. Schizophrenia
was treated with insulin therapy, and violent behavior with lobotomy.
8. In the early twentieth century, a frontal lobotomy was a common treatment for violent behaviors.
Which description of this procedure is accurate?
A) A procedure that delivers an electrical stimulus to the frontal lobes of the brain
B) A surgical procedure that drills holes in the front of the skull to drain fluid
C) A surgical procedure that severs the frontal lobes of the brain from the thalamus
D) A surgical procedure that inserts implants into the frontal lobes of the brain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A frontal lobotomy is a surgical procedure in which the frontal lobes of the brain are severed
from the thalamus.
9. Which class of drugs was introduced in the 1930s for the treatment of depression?
A) SSRIs
B) Tricyclic antidepressants
C) MAOIs
D) Amphetamines
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the 1930s, amphetamines were found to boost the spirits of depressed people. SSRIs,
tricyclics, and MAOIs were discovered much later.
, 10. In 1937, Congress passed the Hill-Burton Act, which was significant for the treatment of mental
health because it funded:
A) Research on drugs for the treatment of mental health disorders
B) Training of mental health professionals
C) Construction of psychiatric units in facilities throughout North America
D) Development of community mental health clinics
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Hill-Burton Act provided money for the construction of psychiatric units in the United
States.
11. The National Mental Health Act of 1946 provided a means for funding of programs that promote
research on mental health and:
A) Development of mental health clinics in the community
B) Treatment for veterans suffering from mental health disorders
C) Educating the public about mental illness
D) Training of mental health professionals
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The National Mental Health Act of 1946 funded training of mental health professionals.
12. Which of the following best describes the disorder that was first recognized in veterans following the
Korean and Vietnam Wars?
A) Depression
B) Post-traumatic stress disorder
C) Bipolar disorder
D) Paranoid schizophrenic disorder
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: PTSD was first recognized in veterans following the Korean and Vietnam Wars.
13. The introduction of __________ in the 1950s led to the deinstitutionalization of many mentally ill
individuals.
A) Psychotherapeutic drugs
B) Community mental health clinics
C) Residential treatment centers
D) State mental health facilities Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The introduction of psychotherapeutic drugs in the 1950s led to the deinstitutionalization of
many mentally ill individuals.
14. In 1949, an Australian physician discovered which therapy to be an effective treatment for bipolar
(manic-depressive) illness?
A) Water/ice therapy
B) Lithium carbonate therapy
C) Insulin therapy
D) Electroconvulsive therapy Correct Answer: B
Rationale: John Cade discovered lithium carbonate as an effective treatment for bipolar disorder in 1949.
Multiple-Choice Questions (40 Questions)
1. The belief of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato that the rational soul controlled the irrational soul
could be compared with the belief of the more recent psychological theorist:
A) Freud
B) Pinel
C) Fisher
D) Rush
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Freud similarly believed that mental illness was caused by forces both within and outside the
personality, comparable to Plato's concept of rational and irrational soul elements.
2. During the mid-1500s, behaviors associated with mental illness were more accurately recorded by
professionals. This practice led to __________ for different abnormal behaviors. A) Classifications
B) Diagnosing
C) Treatment
D) Education
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: More accurate recording of behaviors led to the classification of different abnormal behaviors,
a precursor to modern diagnosis.
3. During the latter part of the eighteenth century, psychiatry became a separate branch of medicine,
and inhumane treatment was greatly diminished by the French hospital director: A) Dix
B) Beers
C) Carter
D) Pinel
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of mentally ill individuals as human beings in need of
medical assistance, greatly diminishing inhumane treatment.
4. In 1841, __________ surveyed asylums, jails, and almshouses throughout the United States, Canada,
and Scotland and is credited with bringing about public awareness and reform for the care of the
mentally ill. A) Sigmund Freud
B) John Cade
C) Florence Nightingale D) Dorothea Dix
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dorothea Dix spent 20 years surveying facilities housing mentally ill individuals and is credited
with major changes in their care.
5. As a direct result of Clifford Beers' work and book, A Mind That Found Itself, the Committee for Mental
Hygiene was formed in 1909 with a focus on prevention of mental illness and:
A) Early detection of symptoms of mental illness
,B) Education of caregivers
C) Current treatment options
D) Removing the stigma attached to mental illness
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Beers' work raised consciousness regarding prevention and removal of the stigma of having a
mental illness.
6. During the 1930s, what common treatment for schizophrenia caused clients to fall into a coma that
could last as long as 50 hours?
A) Electroconvulsive therapy
B) Insulin therapy
C) Humoral therapy
D) Amphetamine therapy Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin therapy was believed to successfully treat schizophrenia in the early 1900s, inducing
comas.
7. In the 1930s, what mental health disorder was electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) most often used to
treat?
A) Schizophrenia
B) Bipolar disorder
C) Severe depression
D) Violent behavior Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ECT was found to be an effective treatment for severe depression in the 1930s. Schizophrenia
was treated with insulin therapy, and violent behavior with lobotomy.
8. In the early twentieth century, a frontal lobotomy was a common treatment for violent behaviors.
Which description of this procedure is accurate?
A) A procedure that delivers an electrical stimulus to the frontal lobes of the brain
B) A surgical procedure that drills holes in the front of the skull to drain fluid
C) A surgical procedure that severs the frontal lobes of the brain from the thalamus
D) A surgical procedure that inserts implants into the frontal lobes of the brain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A frontal lobotomy is a surgical procedure in which the frontal lobes of the brain are severed
from the thalamus.
9. Which class of drugs was introduced in the 1930s for the treatment of depression?
A) SSRIs
B) Tricyclic antidepressants
C) MAOIs
D) Amphetamines
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the 1930s, amphetamines were found to boost the spirits of depressed people. SSRIs,
tricyclics, and MAOIs were discovered much later.
, 10. In 1937, Congress passed the Hill-Burton Act, which was significant for the treatment of mental
health because it funded:
A) Research on drugs for the treatment of mental health disorders
B) Training of mental health professionals
C) Construction of psychiatric units in facilities throughout North America
D) Development of community mental health clinics
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Hill-Burton Act provided money for the construction of psychiatric units in the United
States.
11. The National Mental Health Act of 1946 provided a means for funding of programs that promote
research on mental health and:
A) Development of mental health clinics in the community
B) Treatment for veterans suffering from mental health disorders
C) Educating the public about mental illness
D) Training of mental health professionals
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The National Mental Health Act of 1946 funded training of mental health professionals.
12. Which of the following best describes the disorder that was first recognized in veterans following the
Korean and Vietnam Wars?
A) Depression
B) Post-traumatic stress disorder
C) Bipolar disorder
D) Paranoid schizophrenic disorder
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: PTSD was first recognized in veterans following the Korean and Vietnam Wars.
13. The introduction of __________ in the 1950s led to the deinstitutionalization of many mentally ill
individuals.
A) Psychotherapeutic drugs
B) Community mental health clinics
C) Residential treatment centers
D) State mental health facilities Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The introduction of psychotherapeutic drugs in the 1950s led to the deinstitutionalization of
many mentally ill individuals.
14. In 1949, an Australian physician discovered which therapy to be an effective treatment for bipolar
(manic-depressive) illness?
A) Water/ice therapy
B) Lithium carbonate therapy
C) Insulin therapy
D) Electroconvulsive therapy Correct Answer: B
Rationale: John Cade discovered lithium carbonate as an effective treatment for bipolar disorder in 1949.
