BIOD 101 – General Biology with Lab
Modules 1–6 & Final Exam Complete Review Guide Portage
Learning |
# MODULE 1: The Scientific Method & Chemistry of Life
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Question 1
In a controlled experiment, a scientist tests the effect of a new fertilizer
on plantThe plants that receive the fertilizer
growth.
are the:
A) Control group
B) Experimental
group
C) Independent
variable
D) Dependent
variable
Answer: B — The experimental group receives the treatment or
variable being tested (the fertilizer). The control group does not
receive the treatment. The fertilizer is the independent variable, and
plant growth is the dependent variable.
---
Question 2
A hypothesis must be:
A)Proven absolutely true
B)Testable and falsifiable
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,C)Based only on mathematical models
D) A broad statement of natural phenomena
Answer: B — A hypothesis is a proposed, testable explanation for an
observation. It must be falsifiable, meaning it can be proven wrong
through testing. In science, hypotheses are supported or rejected,
never absolutely "proven."
---
Question 3
Water has a high specific heat capacity. What does this mean for living
organisms?
A)Water freezes easily, causing cellular damage
B)Water evaporates quickly, cooling the organism
C)Water absorbs and releases large amounts of heat with little
temperature change, providing temperature stability
D) Water cannot dissolve nutrients
Answer: C — High specific heat means water resists rapid
temperature changes. This property helps organisms maintain stable
internal body temperatures and creates a stable environment for
aquatic life.
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Question 4
Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?
A)The equal sharing of electrons between two atoms
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,B)The unequal sharing of electrons, creating partial positive and
negative charges
C)The complete transfer of an electron from one atom to another
D) The sharing of electrons between two metal atoms
Answer: B — In a polar covalent bond, electrons are shared unequally
due to differences in electronegativity (e.g., in water, oxygen pulls
electrons closer, giving it a partial negative charge and hydrogen a
partial positive charge). Equal sharing is nonpolar coval ent; complete
transfer is ionic.
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Question 5
The bonding of two glucose molecules to form maltose is an example of:
A)Hydrolysis
B)Dehydration synthesis (condensation reaction)
C)Ionic bonding
D) Denaturation
Answer: B — Dehydration synthesis removes a water molecule (H
from one monomer, OH from another) to form a covalent bond between
monomers. Hydrolysis is the reverse process, adding water to break
bonds.
---
Question 6
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, Which of the following macromolecules is the primary source of quick energy
for cells?
A)Lipids
B)Proteins
C)Nucleic acids
D) Carbohydrates
Answer: D — Carbohydrates are the body's primary and most easily
accessible source of energy (e.g., glucose). Lipids store long - term
energy, proteins provide structure and enzymatic functions, and nucleic
acids store genetic information.
---
Question 7
What are the monomers (building blocks) of proteins?
A)Monosaccharides
B)Nucleotides
C)Amino acids
D) Fatty acids and glycerol
Answer: C — Amino acids are the monomers of proteins.
Monosaccharides build carbohydrates; nucleotides build nucleic acids;
fatty acids and glycerol build lipids.
---
Question 8
Which type of lipid is the primary component of cell membranes?
A)Triglycerides
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Modules 1–6 & Final Exam Complete Review Guide Portage
Learning |
# MODULE 1: The Scientific Method & Chemistry of Life
---
Question 1
In a controlled experiment, a scientist tests the effect of a new fertilizer
on plantThe plants that receive the fertilizer
growth.
are the:
A) Control group
B) Experimental
group
C) Independent
variable
D) Dependent
variable
Answer: B — The experimental group receives the treatment or
variable being tested (the fertilizer). The control group does not
receive the treatment. The fertilizer is the independent variable, and
plant growth is the dependent variable.
---
Question 2
A hypothesis must be:
A)Proven absolutely true
B)Testable and falsifiable
777
,C)Based only on mathematical models
D) A broad statement of natural phenomena
Answer: B — A hypothesis is a proposed, testable explanation for an
observation. It must be falsifiable, meaning it can be proven wrong
through testing. In science, hypotheses are supported or rejected,
never absolutely "proven."
---
Question 3
Water has a high specific heat capacity. What does this mean for living
organisms?
A)Water freezes easily, causing cellular damage
B)Water evaporates quickly, cooling the organism
C)Water absorbs and releases large amounts of heat with little
temperature change, providing temperature stability
D) Water cannot dissolve nutrients
Answer: C — High specific heat means water resists rapid
temperature changes. This property helps organisms maintain stable
internal body temperatures and creates a stable environment for
aquatic life.
---
Question 4
Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?
A)The equal sharing of electrons between two atoms
777
,B)The unequal sharing of electrons, creating partial positive and
negative charges
C)The complete transfer of an electron from one atom to another
D) The sharing of electrons between two metal atoms
Answer: B — In a polar covalent bond, electrons are shared unequally
due to differences in electronegativity (e.g., in water, oxygen pulls
electrons closer, giving it a partial negative charge and hydrogen a
partial positive charge). Equal sharing is nonpolar coval ent; complete
transfer is ionic.
---
Question 5
The bonding of two glucose molecules to form maltose is an example of:
A)Hydrolysis
B)Dehydration synthesis (condensation reaction)
C)Ionic bonding
D) Denaturation
Answer: B — Dehydration synthesis removes a water molecule (H
from one monomer, OH from another) to form a covalent bond between
monomers. Hydrolysis is the reverse process, adding water to break
bonds.
---
Question 6
777
, Which of the following macromolecules is the primary source of quick energy
for cells?
A)Lipids
B)Proteins
C)Nucleic acids
D) Carbohydrates
Answer: D — Carbohydrates are the body's primary and most easily
accessible source of energy (e.g., glucose). Lipids store long - term
energy, proteins provide structure and enzymatic functions, and nucleic
acids store genetic information.
---
Question 7
What are the monomers (building blocks) of proteins?
A)Monosaccharides
B)Nucleotides
C)Amino acids
D) Fatty acids and glycerol
Answer: C — Amino acids are the monomers of proteins.
Monosaccharides build carbohydrates; nucleotides build nucleic acids;
fatty acids and glycerol build lipids.
---
Question 8
Which type of lipid is the primary component of cell membranes?
A)Triglycerides
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