NSG 101 Fundamentals of Nursing Midterm Exam Prep
Document | 2026/2027 Edition | 150 Verified Questions - 140
Questions with Answers
NSG 101 Fundamentals of Nursing Midterm Exam 2026-140 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED
A+. 100% Verified Solutions | Updated Per Latest Guidelines | Graded A+
This comprehensive exam preparation document for NSG 101 Fundamentals of Nursing contains 150
verified questions and correct answers, each accompanied by detailed rationales. Designed for the
2026/2027 academic year, it aligns with the latest nursing curriculum and NCLEX-RN standards. The
content spans all core areas of fundamentals, ensuring thorough coverage of essential nursing concepts
and skills. Ideal for midterm and final exam review, this resource supports mastery of foundational
nursing knowledge.
Key Features:
Introduction to Nursing: Historical perspectives, professional roles, and ethical/legal foundations
Healthcare Delivery Systems: Types of settings, interprofessional collaboration, and care coordination
Nursing Process: Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation
Evidence-Based Practice: Research utilization, clinical guidelines, and quality improvement
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention: Levels of prevention, risk factors, and patient education
Safety and Infection Control: Asepsis, isolation precautions, and safety measures
Vital Signs and Physical Assessment: Measurement techniques, normal ranges, and assessment skills
Medication Administration: Pharmacokinetics, routes, calculations, and safety principles
Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance: Imbalances, replacement therapies, and monitoring
Nutrition and Oral Hydration: Nutritional assessment, therapeutic diets, and hydration status
Urinary Elimination: Catheterization, assessment, and urinary disorders
Bowel Elimination: Ostomy care, enemas, and bowel disorders
Oxygenation and Respiratory Care: Oxygen therapy, suctioning, and respiratory assessment
Mobility and Immobility: Body mechanics, range-of-motion, and mobility aids
Skin Integrity and Wound Care: Pressure injuries, dressings, and wound healing
Comfort and Pain Management: Pain assessment, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions
Perioperative Nursing Care: Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care
End-of-Life Care: Palliative care, advance directives, and grief support
Updates for 2026:
- Updated to reflect the 2026-2027 academic year and current NCLEX-RN test plan
- Incorporates latest evidence-based practice guidelines for infection control and patient safety
- Revised rationales to align with current nursing standards and protocols
- Enhanced coverage of telehealth and technology in nursing practice
- Added questions on cultural competence and health equity
Abstract:
This exam preparation document for NSG 101 Fundamentals of Nursing provides a rigorous review of
foundational nursing concepts and skills essential for safe, competent practice. The 150 verified questions are
strategically distributed across all major content areas, from the nursing process and evidence-based practice to
medication administration and perioperative care. Each question is accompanied by a correct answer and a
detailed rationale that explains the underlying principle, thereby reinforcing critical thinking and clinical
Page 1
,reasoning. The document is updated for the 2026/2027 academic year, ensuring alignment with current educational
standards and the NCLEX-RN test plan. It serves as an invaluable resource for students seeking to excel in their
midterm and final examinations, as well as for those preparing for licensure. By engaging with these questions,
students can identify knowledge gaps, consolidate learning, and build confidence in their ability to apply nursing
fundamentals in clinical scenarios.
Keywords:
NSG 101, Fundamentals of Nursing, Exam Prep, NCLEX-RN, Nursing Process, Medication Administration, Patient
Safety, Evidence-Based Practice
Answer Format:
Each question is followed by the correct answer (marked as 'Correct Answer') and a comprehensive rationale
explaining why it is correct. Incorrect options are also briefly analyzed to clarify common misconceptions.
Rationales are written in a concise, scholarly style, referencing standard nursing textbooks and guidelines.
Compliance Checklist:
Aligns with 2026-2027 academic year and current NCLEX-RN test plan
150 verified questions with correct answers and rationales
Covers all major content areas of Fundamentals of Nursing
Updated to reflect latest evidence-based practice and safety standards
Suitable for midterm, final, and NCLEX-RN preparation
Content Area Overview:
Content Area Questions Key Topics Weight
Foundations of Nursing Practice 1-20 History, roles, ethics, legal issues, healthcare 13%
systems
Nursing Process and Critical 21-35 Assessment, diagnosis, planning, 10%
Thinking implementation, evaluation
Evidence-Based Practice and 36-45 Research utilization, clinical guidelines, 7%
Research quality improvement
Health Promotion and Patient 46-55 Levels of prevention, teaching strategies, 7%
Education health literacy
Safety and Infection Control 56-70 Asepsis, isolation precautions, fall 10%
prevention, fire safety
Vital Signs and Physical 71-85 Temperature, pulse, respiration, BP, pain, 10%
Assessment assessment techniques
Medication Administration 86-100 Pharmacokinetics, dosage calculations, 10%
routes, errors
Fluid, Electrolyte, and 101-110 Imbalances, IV therapy, blood transfusions, 7%
Acid-Base Balance ABGs
Nutrition and Elimination 111-125 Nutritional assessment, therapeutic diets, 10%
urinary and bowel elimination
Oxygenation and Mobility 126-135 Respiratory care, oxygen therapy, mobility 7%
aids, body mechanics
Skin Integrity and Wound Care 136-140 Pressure injuries, wound assessment, 3%
dressings, healing
Comfort, Pain, and Perioperative 141-150 Pain management, comfort measures, 6%
Care perioperative nursing, end-of-life
Page 2
,Q1. A nurse is preparing to administer a continuous IV infusion of heparin at 1200
units/hr. The pharmacy supplies a bag of 25,000 units in 500 mL of D5W. At what
rate (mL/hr) should the pump be set?
A. 24 mL/hr
B. 30 mL/hr
C. 48 mL/hr
D. 60 mL/hr
Correct Answer: A. 24 mL/hr
Rationale: The correct rate is 24 mL/hr. Calculation: (1200 units/hr ÷ 25,000 units) × 500
mL = 24 mL/hr. This ensures the prescribed dose is delivered.
Why Wrong:
B - Incorrect: 30 mL/hr would deliver 1500 units/hr, an overdose.
C - Incorrect: 48 mL/hr would deliver 2400 units/hr, a serious overdose.
D - Incorrect: 60 mL/hr would deliver 3000 units/hr, a critical overdose.
Reference: Potter, P.A., Perry, A.G., Stockert, P., Hall, A. (2023). Fundamentals of
Nursing, 11th Ed., Ch. 32 (Medication Administration).
Q2. A patient has a stage 3 pressure injury with tunneling. Which wound care
product should the nurse select to fill the wound and maintain a moist environment?
A. Calcium alginate dressing
B. Transparent film dressing
C. Hydrocolloid dressing
D. Impregnated gauze
Correct Answer: A. Calcium alginate dressing
Rationale: Calcium alginate dressings are highly absorbent and conform to wound
tunnels, providing a moist healing environment and packing dead space. Transparent films
do not absorb exudate, hydrocolloids are for shallow wounds, and impregnated gauze may
dry out.
Why Wrong:
B - Incorrect: Transparent films are not absorbent and cannot pack a tunneling wound.
C - Incorrect: Hydrocolloids are used for shallow, low-exudate wounds, not tunneling.
D - Incorrect: Impregnated gauze may adhere to the wound bed and does not manage
heavy exudate.
Reference: Hinkle, J.L., Cheever, K.H. (2025). Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of
Medical-Surgical Nursing, 16th Ed., Ch. 20 (Wound Care).
Q3. A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a patient on a low-molecular-weight
heparin (LMWH) for DVT prophylaxis. Which lab value indicates the medication is
at a therapeutic level?
Page 3
, A. Anti-Xa assay 0.5-1.1 IU/mL
B. aPTT 60-80 seconds
C. INR 2.0-3.0
D. Platelet count 100,000/µL
Correct Answer: A. Anti-Xa assay 0.5-1.1 IU/mL
Rationale: LMWH is monitored via anti-Xa activity, with therapeutic ranges typically
0.5-1.1 IU/mL for twice-daily dosing. aPTT and INR are used for unfractionated heparin
and warfarin, respectively. Platelet count checks for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia,
not therapeutic effect.
Why Wrong:
B - Incorrect: aPTT is used to monitor unfractionated heparin, not LMWH.
C - Incorrect: INR monitors warfarin therapy, not LMWH.
D - Incorrect: Platelet count is a safety check, not a therapeutic level.
Reference: Lehne, R.A., Rosenthal, L. (2026). Pharmacology for Nursing Care, 12th Ed.,
Ch. 34 (Anticoagulants).
Q4. A patient with a history of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prescribed
magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia) for constipation. Which condition in the
patient's history would contraindicate this medication?
A. Hypertension
B. Diabetes mellitus
C. Renal insufficiency
D. Osteoporosis
Correct Answer: C. Renal insufficiency
Rationale: Magnesium is renally excreted; in CKD, accumulation can lead to
hypermagnesemia with respiratory depression and cardiac arrest. Thus, renal
insufficiency is a contraindication. The other conditions are not absolute
contraindications.
Why Wrong:
A - Incorrect: Hypertension is not a contraindication, though sodium-containing
antacids may be avoided.
B - Incorrect: Diabetes is not a contraindication.
D - Incorrect: Osteoporosis is not a contraindication.
Reference: Lehne, R.A., Rosenthal, L. (2026). Pharmacology for Nursing Care, 12th Ed.,
Ch. 72 (Laxatives).
Q5. A nurse is about to administer an intramuscular injection to a patient who is
extremely anxious and has a known history of fainting with needles. Which
intervention should the nurse implement to reduce the risk of vasovagal syncope?
Page 4
Document | 2026/2027 Edition | 150 Verified Questions - 140
Questions with Answers
NSG 101 Fundamentals of Nursing Midterm Exam 2026-140 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED
A+. 100% Verified Solutions | Updated Per Latest Guidelines | Graded A+
This comprehensive exam preparation document for NSG 101 Fundamentals of Nursing contains 150
verified questions and correct answers, each accompanied by detailed rationales. Designed for the
2026/2027 academic year, it aligns with the latest nursing curriculum and NCLEX-RN standards. The
content spans all core areas of fundamentals, ensuring thorough coverage of essential nursing concepts
and skills. Ideal for midterm and final exam review, this resource supports mastery of foundational
nursing knowledge.
Key Features:
Introduction to Nursing: Historical perspectives, professional roles, and ethical/legal foundations
Healthcare Delivery Systems: Types of settings, interprofessional collaboration, and care coordination
Nursing Process: Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation
Evidence-Based Practice: Research utilization, clinical guidelines, and quality improvement
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention: Levels of prevention, risk factors, and patient education
Safety and Infection Control: Asepsis, isolation precautions, and safety measures
Vital Signs and Physical Assessment: Measurement techniques, normal ranges, and assessment skills
Medication Administration: Pharmacokinetics, routes, calculations, and safety principles
Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance: Imbalances, replacement therapies, and monitoring
Nutrition and Oral Hydration: Nutritional assessment, therapeutic diets, and hydration status
Urinary Elimination: Catheterization, assessment, and urinary disorders
Bowel Elimination: Ostomy care, enemas, and bowel disorders
Oxygenation and Respiratory Care: Oxygen therapy, suctioning, and respiratory assessment
Mobility and Immobility: Body mechanics, range-of-motion, and mobility aids
Skin Integrity and Wound Care: Pressure injuries, dressings, and wound healing
Comfort and Pain Management: Pain assessment, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions
Perioperative Nursing Care: Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care
End-of-Life Care: Palliative care, advance directives, and grief support
Updates for 2026:
- Updated to reflect the 2026-2027 academic year and current NCLEX-RN test plan
- Incorporates latest evidence-based practice guidelines for infection control and patient safety
- Revised rationales to align with current nursing standards and protocols
- Enhanced coverage of telehealth and technology in nursing practice
- Added questions on cultural competence and health equity
Abstract:
This exam preparation document for NSG 101 Fundamentals of Nursing provides a rigorous review of
foundational nursing concepts and skills essential for safe, competent practice. The 150 verified questions are
strategically distributed across all major content areas, from the nursing process and evidence-based practice to
medication administration and perioperative care. Each question is accompanied by a correct answer and a
detailed rationale that explains the underlying principle, thereby reinforcing critical thinking and clinical
Page 1
,reasoning. The document is updated for the 2026/2027 academic year, ensuring alignment with current educational
standards and the NCLEX-RN test plan. It serves as an invaluable resource for students seeking to excel in their
midterm and final examinations, as well as for those preparing for licensure. By engaging with these questions,
students can identify knowledge gaps, consolidate learning, and build confidence in their ability to apply nursing
fundamentals in clinical scenarios.
Keywords:
NSG 101, Fundamentals of Nursing, Exam Prep, NCLEX-RN, Nursing Process, Medication Administration, Patient
Safety, Evidence-Based Practice
Answer Format:
Each question is followed by the correct answer (marked as 'Correct Answer') and a comprehensive rationale
explaining why it is correct. Incorrect options are also briefly analyzed to clarify common misconceptions.
Rationales are written in a concise, scholarly style, referencing standard nursing textbooks and guidelines.
Compliance Checklist:
Aligns with 2026-2027 academic year and current NCLEX-RN test plan
150 verified questions with correct answers and rationales
Covers all major content areas of Fundamentals of Nursing
Updated to reflect latest evidence-based practice and safety standards
Suitable for midterm, final, and NCLEX-RN preparation
Content Area Overview:
Content Area Questions Key Topics Weight
Foundations of Nursing Practice 1-20 History, roles, ethics, legal issues, healthcare 13%
systems
Nursing Process and Critical 21-35 Assessment, diagnosis, planning, 10%
Thinking implementation, evaluation
Evidence-Based Practice and 36-45 Research utilization, clinical guidelines, 7%
Research quality improvement
Health Promotion and Patient 46-55 Levels of prevention, teaching strategies, 7%
Education health literacy
Safety and Infection Control 56-70 Asepsis, isolation precautions, fall 10%
prevention, fire safety
Vital Signs and Physical 71-85 Temperature, pulse, respiration, BP, pain, 10%
Assessment assessment techniques
Medication Administration 86-100 Pharmacokinetics, dosage calculations, 10%
routes, errors
Fluid, Electrolyte, and 101-110 Imbalances, IV therapy, blood transfusions, 7%
Acid-Base Balance ABGs
Nutrition and Elimination 111-125 Nutritional assessment, therapeutic diets, 10%
urinary and bowel elimination
Oxygenation and Mobility 126-135 Respiratory care, oxygen therapy, mobility 7%
aids, body mechanics
Skin Integrity and Wound Care 136-140 Pressure injuries, wound assessment, 3%
dressings, healing
Comfort, Pain, and Perioperative 141-150 Pain management, comfort measures, 6%
Care perioperative nursing, end-of-life
Page 2
,Q1. A nurse is preparing to administer a continuous IV infusion of heparin at 1200
units/hr. The pharmacy supplies a bag of 25,000 units in 500 mL of D5W. At what
rate (mL/hr) should the pump be set?
A. 24 mL/hr
B. 30 mL/hr
C. 48 mL/hr
D. 60 mL/hr
Correct Answer: A. 24 mL/hr
Rationale: The correct rate is 24 mL/hr. Calculation: (1200 units/hr ÷ 25,000 units) × 500
mL = 24 mL/hr. This ensures the prescribed dose is delivered.
Why Wrong:
B - Incorrect: 30 mL/hr would deliver 1500 units/hr, an overdose.
C - Incorrect: 48 mL/hr would deliver 2400 units/hr, a serious overdose.
D - Incorrect: 60 mL/hr would deliver 3000 units/hr, a critical overdose.
Reference: Potter, P.A., Perry, A.G., Stockert, P., Hall, A. (2023). Fundamentals of
Nursing, 11th Ed., Ch. 32 (Medication Administration).
Q2. A patient has a stage 3 pressure injury with tunneling. Which wound care
product should the nurse select to fill the wound and maintain a moist environment?
A. Calcium alginate dressing
B. Transparent film dressing
C. Hydrocolloid dressing
D. Impregnated gauze
Correct Answer: A. Calcium alginate dressing
Rationale: Calcium alginate dressings are highly absorbent and conform to wound
tunnels, providing a moist healing environment and packing dead space. Transparent films
do not absorb exudate, hydrocolloids are for shallow wounds, and impregnated gauze may
dry out.
Why Wrong:
B - Incorrect: Transparent films are not absorbent and cannot pack a tunneling wound.
C - Incorrect: Hydrocolloids are used for shallow, low-exudate wounds, not tunneling.
D - Incorrect: Impregnated gauze may adhere to the wound bed and does not manage
heavy exudate.
Reference: Hinkle, J.L., Cheever, K.H. (2025). Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of
Medical-Surgical Nursing, 16th Ed., Ch. 20 (Wound Care).
Q3. A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a patient on a low-molecular-weight
heparin (LMWH) for DVT prophylaxis. Which lab value indicates the medication is
at a therapeutic level?
Page 3
, A. Anti-Xa assay 0.5-1.1 IU/mL
B. aPTT 60-80 seconds
C. INR 2.0-3.0
D. Platelet count 100,000/µL
Correct Answer: A. Anti-Xa assay 0.5-1.1 IU/mL
Rationale: LMWH is monitored via anti-Xa activity, with therapeutic ranges typically
0.5-1.1 IU/mL for twice-daily dosing. aPTT and INR are used for unfractionated heparin
and warfarin, respectively. Platelet count checks for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia,
not therapeutic effect.
Why Wrong:
B - Incorrect: aPTT is used to monitor unfractionated heparin, not LMWH.
C - Incorrect: INR monitors warfarin therapy, not LMWH.
D - Incorrect: Platelet count is a safety check, not a therapeutic level.
Reference: Lehne, R.A., Rosenthal, L. (2026). Pharmacology for Nursing Care, 12th Ed.,
Ch. 34 (Anticoagulants).
Q4. A patient with a history of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prescribed
magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia) for constipation. Which condition in the
patient's history would contraindicate this medication?
A. Hypertension
B. Diabetes mellitus
C. Renal insufficiency
D. Osteoporosis
Correct Answer: C. Renal insufficiency
Rationale: Magnesium is renally excreted; in CKD, accumulation can lead to
hypermagnesemia with respiratory depression and cardiac arrest. Thus, renal
insufficiency is a contraindication. The other conditions are not absolute
contraindications.
Why Wrong:
A - Incorrect: Hypertension is not a contraindication, though sodium-containing
antacids may be avoided.
B - Incorrect: Diabetes is not a contraindication.
D - Incorrect: Osteoporosis is not a contraindication.
Reference: Lehne, R.A., Rosenthal, L. (2026). Pharmacology for Nursing Care, 12th Ed.,
Ch. 72 (Laxatives).
Q5. A nurse is about to administer an intramuscular injection to a patient who is
extremely anxious and has a known history of fainting with needles. Which
intervention should the nurse implement to reduce the risk of vasovagal syncope?
Page 4
