PENN FOSTER VETERINARY
PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM TEST
BANK SOLVED QUESTIONS WITH FULL
SOLUTION VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED
A+
⩥ Medetomidine.
Answer: alpha 2 adrenergic agonist for sedation in dogs over 12 weeks
⩥ Dexmedetomidine.
Answer: alpha 2 adrenergic agonist for sedation and analgesia in dogs
and cats
⩥ Long Acting Barbiturates.
Answer: 8-12 hours
ex: Phenobarbital
⩥ Short Acting Barbiturates.
Answer: 45 min - 1.5 hours
ex: Pentobarbital
⩥ Ultra Short Acting Barbiturates.
,Answer: thiobarbiturates
5-30min
move rapidly out of CNS and into fat stores
⩥ ketamine.
Answer: dissociative agent used to enhance muscle relaxation and
deepen anesthesia
⩥ tiletamine.
Answer: similar to ketamine
⩥ side effects of dissociative agents.
Answer: spastic jerking movements
convulsions
respiratory depression
⩥ Four classes of opioid receptors.
Answer: Mu: contribute to analgesia, euphoria, respiratory depression,
physical dependence, and hypothermic actions
Kappa: found in cerebral cortex and spinal cord, contribute to sedation
and analgesia
Sigma: may be responsible for struggling, whining, hallucinations, and
mydriatic effects
,Delta: modifies Mu activity
⩥ Opium.
Answer: treat diarrhea in calves and foals
⩥ Morphine sulfate.
Answer: treat severe pain, preanesthetic agent
⩥ Meperidine (Demerol).
Answer: mu agonist, 1/8 potent as morphine for relief of acute pain
⩥ Oxymorphone (Opana).
Answer: mu agonist 10x as potent as morphine for restraint, diagnostics,
and minor surgery in dogs
⩥ Butorphanol tartrate (Torbutrol, Torbugesic).
Answer: mu antagonist, kappa and sigma agonist, 4-7x potent as
morphine
used as preanesthetic in cats and antitussive in dogs
⩥ fentanyl.
Answer: opioid agonist 100x morphine, comes in transdermal patches
for pain control
, ⩥ Hydrocodone bitartrate.
Answer: opioid agonist, antitussive in dogs
⩥ Etorphine.
Answer: analgesia 1000x morphine
⩥ Pentazocine.
Answer: partial opioid agonist for pain relief in horses and dogs
⩥ Diphenoxylate.
Answer: synthetic opioid agonist that acts as antidiarrheal when
combined with atropine
⩥ Apomorphine.
Answer: dopamine agonist that induces vomiting by stimulating the
chemoreceptor trigger zone in the brain
⩥ codeine.
Answer: opioid antitussive in dogs
⩥ Buprenorphine.
PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM TEST
BANK SOLVED QUESTIONS WITH FULL
SOLUTION VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED
A+
⩥ Medetomidine.
Answer: alpha 2 adrenergic agonist for sedation in dogs over 12 weeks
⩥ Dexmedetomidine.
Answer: alpha 2 adrenergic agonist for sedation and analgesia in dogs
and cats
⩥ Long Acting Barbiturates.
Answer: 8-12 hours
ex: Phenobarbital
⩥ Short Acting Barbiturates.
Answer: 45 min - 1.5 hours
ex: Pentobarbital
⩥ Ultra Short Acting Barbiturates.
,Answer: thiobarbiturates
5-30min
move rapidly out of CNS and into fat stores
⩥ ketamine.
Answer: dissociative agent used to enhance muscle relaxation and
deepen anesthesia
⩥ tiletamine.
Answer: similar to ketamine
⩥ side effects of dissociative agents.
Answer: spastic jerking movements
convulsions
respiratory depression
⩥ Four classes of opioid receptors.
Answer: Mu: contribute to analgesia, euphoria, respiratory depression,
physical dependence, and hypothermic actions
Kappa: found in cerebral cortex and spinal cord, contribute to sedation
and analgesia
Sigma: may be responsible for struggling, whining, hallucinations, and
mydriatic effects
,Delta: modifies Mu activity
⩥ Opium.
Answer: treat diarrhea in calves and foals
⩥ Morphine sulfate.
Answer: treat severe pain, preanesthetic agent
⩥ Meperidine (Demerol).
Answer: mu agonist, 1/8 potent as morphine for relief of acute pain
⩥ Oxymorphone (Opana).
Answer: mu agonist 10x as potent as morphine for restraint, diagnostics,
and minor surgery in dogs
⩥ Butorphanol tartrate (Torbutrol, Torbugesic).
Answer: mu antagonist, kappa and sigma agonist, 4-7x potent as
morphine
used as preanesthetic in cats and antitussive in dogs
⩥ fentanyl.
Answer: opioid agonist 100x morphine, comes in transdermal patches
for pain control
, ⩥ Hydrocodone bitartrate.
Answer: opioid agonist, antitussive in dogs
⩥ Etorphine.
Answer: analgesia 1000x morphine
⩥ Pentazocine.
Answer: partial opioid agonist for pain relief in horses and dogs
⩥ Diphenoxylate.
Answer: synthetic opioid agonist that acts as antidiarrheal when
combined with atropine
⩥ Apomorphine.
Answer: dopamine agonist that induces vomiting by stimulating the
chemoreceptor trigger zone in the brain
⩥ codeine.
Answer: opioid antitussive in dogs
⩥ Buprenorphine.
