NSG 3130 Final Exam | NSG 3130 Fundamental
Concepts & Skills II | Q&A with Rationale
2026/2027 Update
Nursing Process, Assessment & Clinical Judgment
Question 1
Which nursing process step involves collecting subjective and objective
information about a client?
A. Planning
B. Assessment
C. Implementation
D. Evaluation
Answer: B. Assessment
Rationale: Assessment involves systematic collection of subjective and
objective client data.
Question 2
Which finding is subjective data?
A. Temperature of 38.3°C
B. Blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg
C. Client reports severe nausea
D. Respiratory rate of 24/min
Answer: C. Client reports severe nausea
Rationale: Subjective data are symptoms or experiences reported by
the client.
,Question 3
Which finding is objective data?
A. "I feel dizzy."
B. "My stomach hurts."
C. "I am anxious."
D. Oxygen saturation of 89%
Answer: D. Oxygen saturation of 89%
Rationale: Objective data are measurable or observable findings.
Question 4
A nurse identifies a client's actual health problem based on assessment
data. Which nursing process step is being performed?
A. Diagnosis
B. Planning
C. Implementation
D. Evaluation
Answer: A. Diagnosis
Rationale: Nursing diagnosis involves analyzing assessment data and
identifying client responses to health conditions.
Question 5
Which nursing diagnosis is correctly written?
A. Pneumonia related to infection
B. Impaired skin integrity related to prolonged pressure as evidenced by
,sacral breakdown
C. Antibiotic therapy related to pneumonia
D. Diabetes related to hyperglycemia
Answer: B. Impaired skin integrity related to prolonged pressure as
evidenced by sacral breakdown
Rationale: A nursing diagnosis identifies a client response, related
factors, and supporting evidence when appropriate.
Question 6
Which nursing process step involves establishing measurable client
goals?
A. Assessment
B. Planning
C. Implementation
D. Evaluation
Answer: B. Planning
Rationale: During planning, the nurse establishes priorities, outcomes,
and interventions.
Question 7
Which outcome is most measurable?
A. Client will feel better.
B. Client will improve soon.
C. Client will maintain oxygen saturation at or above the prescribed
target during the shift.
D. Client will understand everything about oxygen therapy.
, Answer: C. Client will maintain oxygen saturation at or above the
prescribed target during the shift.
Rationale: Measurable outcomes specify an observable behavior or
clinical parameter and a timeframe.
Question 8
Which action represents implementation?
A. Collecting vital signs
B. Identifying a nursing diagnosis
C. Administering prescribed medication
D. Determining whether a goal was met
Answer: C. Administering prescribed medication
Rationale: Implementation involves carrying out planned nursing
interventions.
Question 9
A nurse reassesses a client's pain after administering an analgesic.
Which nursing process step is demonstrated?
A. Assessment only
B. Planning
C. Implementation
D. Evaluation
Answer: D. Evaluation
Rationale: Reassessment determines whether the intervention
achieved the desired outcome.
Concepts & Skills II | Q&A with Rationale
2026/2027 Update
Nursing Process, Assessment & Clinical Judgment
Question 1
Which nursing process step involves collecting subjective and objective
information about a client?
A. Planning
B. Assessment
C. Implementation
D. Evaluation
Answer: B. Assessment
Rationale: Assessment involves systematic collection of subjective and
objective client data.
Question 2
Which finding is subjective data?
A. Temperature of 38.3°C
B. Blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg
C. Client reports severe nausea
D. Respiratory rate of 24/min
Answer: C. Client reports severe nausea
Rationale: Subjective data are symptoms or experiences reported by
the client.
,Question 3
Which finding is objective data?
A. "I feel dizzy."
B. "My stomach hurts."
C. "I am anxious."
D. Oxygen saturation of 89%
Answer: D. Oxygen saturation of 89%
Rationale: Objective data are measurable or observable findings.
Question 4
A nurse identifies a client's actual health problem based on assessment
data. Which nursing process step is being performed?
A. Diagnosis
B. Planning
C. Implementation
D. Evaluation
Answer: A. Diagnosis
Rationale: Nursing diagnosis involves analyzing assessment data and
identifying client responses to health conditions.
Question 5
Which nursing diagnosis is correctly written?
A. Pneumonia related to infection
B. Impaired skin integrity related to prolonged pressure as evidenced by
,sacral breakdown
C. Antibiotic therapy related to pneumonia
D. Diabetes related to hyperglycemia
Answer: B. Impaired skin integrity related to prolonged pressure as
evidenced by sacral breakdown
Rationale: A nursing diagnosis identifies a client response, related
factors, and supporting evidence when appropriate.
Question 6
Which nursing process step involves establishing measurable client
goals?
A. Assessment
B. Planning
C. Implementation
D. Evaluation
Answer: B. Planning
Rationale: During planning, the nurse establishes priorities, outcomes,
and interventions.
Question 7
Which outcome is most measurable?
A. Client will feel better.
B. Client will improve soon.
C. Client will maintain oxygen saturation at or above the prescribed
target during the shift.
D. Client will understand everything about oxygen therapy.
, Answer: C. Client will maintain oxygen saturation at or above the
prescribed target during the shift.
Rationale: Measurable outcomes specify an observable behavior or
clinical parameter and a timeframe.
Question 8
Which action represents implementation?
A. Collecting vital signs
B. Identifying a nursing diagnosis
C. Administering prescribed medication
D. Determining whether a goal was met
Answer: C. Administering prescribed medication
Rationale: Implementation involves carrying out planned nursing
interventions.
Question 9
A nurse reassesses a client's pain after administering an analgesic.
Which nursing process step is demonstrated?
A. Assessment only
B. Planning
C. Implementation
D. Evaluation
Answer: D. Evaluation
Rationale: Reassessment determines whether the intervention
achieved the desired outcome.
