PEDIATRICS FINAL EXAM PRACTICE
EVALUATION 2026 QUESTION BANK FULL
SOLUTION SET
◉ · Hirschsprung's Disease.
Answer: -Also called congenital aganglionic megacolon
-Mechanical obstruction caused by inadequate motility of the
intestine
-Absence of ganglion cell in the colon
-More common in boys with Down Syndrome
-RIBBON-like stools
◉ GER (gastroesophageal reflux).
Answer: -Transfer of gastric content into the esophagus
-Occurs in everyone
-Frequency and persistence abnormal
-May occur without GER disease
-GER disease may occur without regurgitation
◉ Dehydration clinical manifestations.
Answer: -Crying w/o tears
,-no urine output
-increased HR
-no sweat
-Dry sticky mucous membranes
-Cognitive impairment (late sign)
-Skin turgor
-Fontanel (Infants)
-Diarrhea/Emesis
◉ Meckel Diverticulum (remnant of fetal omphalomesenteric duct).
Answer: Ulceration, bleeding, intestinal obstruction (2-4% of
population)
Treatment: surgical removal of diverticulum
"Currant Jelly Stools"
◉ Pyloric stenosis.
Answer: Constriction of the pyloric sphincter with obstruction of
gastric outlet
Very Painful
◉ intussusception.
,Answer: -Telescoping of the intestines or invagination of one portion
of the intestines into another.
-MOST COMMON CAUSE OF INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION IN
CHILDREN 3 MONTHS TO 3 YEARS
-Occasionally due to the intestinal lesion (10%)
-Spontaneously resolves (10%)
◉ Crohn's disease.
Answer: -inflammatory bowel disease
-Chronic inflammatory process involving ANY part of the GI tract
-Try to isolate cause and reduce flare ups
◉ When caring for a child with probable appendicitis, the nurse
should be alert to recognize which sign or symptom as a
manifestation of perforation?.
Answer: Sudden relief from pain
◉ An infant with short bowel syndrome is receiving total parenteral
nutrition (TPN). The practitioner has added continuous enteral
feedings through a gastrostomy tube. The nurse recognizes this as
important for which reason?.
Answer: Stimulate adaptation of the small intestine
, ◉ The nurse is caring for a neonate with a suspected
tracheoesophageal fistula. What should nursing care include?.
Answer: Elevating the head but giving nothing by mouth.
◉ A 6-month-old infant with Hirschsprung disease is scheduled for a
temporary colostomy. What should postoperative teaching to the
parents include?.
Answer: Assessing bowel function
◉ An infant had a gastrostomy tube placed for feedings after a
Nissen fundoplication and bolus feedings are initiated. Between
feedings while the tube is clamped, the infant becomes irritable, and
there is evidence of cramping. What action should the nurse
implement?.
Answer: Vent the tube
◉ post op cleft lip/palate.
Answer:
◉ Consent.
Answer:
◉ Contact isolation.
Answer:
EVALUATION 2026 QUESTION BANK FULL
SOLUTION SET
◉ · Hirschsprung's Disease.
Answer: -Also called congenital aganglionic megacolon
-Mechanical obstruction caused by inadequate motility of the
intestine
-Absence of ganglion cell in the colon
-More common in boys with Down Syndrome
-RIBBON-like stools
◉ GER (gastroesophageal reflux).
Answer: -Transfer of gastric content into the esophagus
-Occurs in everyone
-Frequency and persistence abnormal
-May occur without GER disease
-GER disease may occur without regurgitation
◉ Dehydration clinical manifestations.
Answer: -Crying w/o tears
,-no urine output
-increased HR
-no sweat
-Dry sticky mucous membranes
-Cognitive impairment (late sign)
-Skin turgor
-Fontanel (Infants)
-Diarrhea/Emesis
◉ Meckel Diverticulum (remnant of fetal omphalomesenteric duct).
Answer: Ulceration, bleeding, intestinal obstruction (2-4% of
population)
Treatment: surgical removal of diverticulum
"Currant Jelly Stools"
◉ Pyloric stenosis.
Answer: Constriction of the pyloric sphincter with obstruction of
gastric outlet
Very Painful
◉ intussusception.
,Answer: -Telescoping of the intestines or invagination of one portion
of the intestines into another.
-MOST COMMON CAUSE OF INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION IN
CHILDREN 3 MONTHS TO 3 YEARS
-Occasionally due to the intestinal lesion (10%)
-Spontaneously resolves (10%)
◉ Crohn's disease.
Answer: -inflammatory bowel disease
-Chronic inflammatory process involving ANY part of the GI tract
-Try to isolate cause and reduce flare ups
◉ When caring for a child with probable appendicitis, the nurse
should be alert to recognize which sign or symptom as a
manifestation of perforation?.
Answer: Sudden relief from pain
◉ An infant with short bowel syndrome is receiving total parenteral
nutrition (TPN). The practitioner has added continuous enteral
feedings through a gastrostomy tube. The nurse recognizes this as
important for which reason?.
Answer: Stimulate adaptation of the small intestine
, ◉ The nurse is caring for a neonate with a suspected
tracheoesophageal fistula. What should nursing care include?.
Answer: Elevating the head but giving nothing by mouth.
◉ A 6-month-old infant with Hirschsprung disease is scheduled for a
temporary colostomy. What should postoperative teaching to the
parents include?.
Answer: Assessing bowel function
◉ An infant had a gastrostomy tube placed for feedings after a
Nissen fundoplication and bolus feedings are initiated. Between
feedings while the tube is clamped, the infant becomes irritable, and
there is evidence of cramping. What action should the nurse
implement?.
Answer: Vent the tube
◉ post op cleft lip/palate.
Answer:
◉ Consent.
Answer:
◉ Contact isolation.
Answer:
