N309 EXAM 2 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

N309 EXAM 2 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS

Question:
1. What type of antidiabetic medication is acarbose?
Answer:
alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

Question:
2. What route is acarbose taken?
Answer:
oral

Question:
3. What is the MOA of acarbose?
Answer:
inhibits enzymes to delay glucose absorption leading to decreased postprandial hyperglycemia

Question:
4. What is a contraindication of acarbose?
Answer:
GI disorders (IBS, bowel obstruction, ulcers)

Question:
5. What are some more rare, serious risks of acarbose?
Answer:
cirrhosis/hepatotoxicty

Question:
6. What is acute bronchitis?
Answer:
inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles

Question:
7. In patients with acute bronchitis, what has diminished function?
Answer:
diminished bronchial mucociliary function

Question:
8. In patients with acute bronchitis, what turns edematous?
Answer:
edematous mucous membrane

Question:
9. What is acute bronchitis caused by? (3)

,Answer:
viruses, bacteria, inhalation of substance

Question:
10. What increases susceptibility to acute bronchitis? (5)
Answer:
smoking, common cold, sinusitis, pharyngitis, influenza

Question:
11. What color may the sputum be in patients with acute bronchitis? (4)
Answer:
clear, yellow, green, blood-tinged

Question:
12. What first happens to the patient in the manifestation of acute bronchitis?
Answer:
begins with the symptoms of a common cold

Question:
13. What becomes the main complaint of a patient as acute bronchitis progresses?
Answer:
persistent cough (lasts 10-20 days)

Question:
14. How is the diagnosis of acute bronchitis concluded? (2)
Answer:
symptomatology and sputum culture

Question:
15. What does the treatment of acute bronchitis include? (5)
Answer:
broad spectrum antibiotics, expectant medications, mucolytic agents, bronchodilator, cough suppressants
at night

Question:
16. What type of medication is albuterol?
Answer:
sympathomimetic

Question:
17. What do sympathomimetic medications do?
Answer:
mimic the sympathetic nervous system by dilating the bronchi, increasing rate and depth of respiration

Question:
18. What is albuterol prescribed for short-term?

,Answer:
emergency use to reverse bronchospasm during an allergic reaction or asthma attach

Question:
19. What is albuterol prescribed for long acting?
Answer:
scheduled basis to decrease symptoms of COPD or asthma

Question:
20. What are some examples of anticholinergics? (4)
Answer:
ipratropium, tiotropium, aclidinium, glycopyrrolate

Question:
21. What is the route for anticholinergic medication?
Answer:
inhalation

Question:
22. What is the therapeutic action of anticholinergic medications?
Answer:
block or antagonize action of acetylcholine at vagal-mediated receptor sites leading to the relaxation of
smooth muscle in bronchi

Question:
23. What are some things to be cautious about when prescribing anticholinergics? (3)
Answer:
any condition that would be aggravated by the anticholinergic or atropine-like effects of the drug;
pregnancy and lactation

Question:
24. What are some adverse effects of anticholinergics? (8)
Answer:
dry mouth, hoarse voice, if absorbed systemically -> dizziness, fatigue, nervousness, palpitations, eyesight
changes, urinary retention

Question:
25. What is a drug-drug interaction for anticholinergics?
Answer:
other anticholinergics

Question:
26. What is a pneumonic to remember the side effects of anticholinergic medications?
Answer:
can't SEE can't PEE can't SPIT can't SHIT

, Question:
27. What is the prototype of anticholinergics?
Answer:
ipratropium

Question:
28. What are the indications of ipratropium? (2)
Answer:
prototype anticholinergic that maintains treatment of bronchospasm associated with COPD; as a nasal
spray, treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis

Question:
29. What is the route of administration for ipratropium?
Answer:
inhalation

Question:
30. What is the time of onset of ipratropium?
Answer:
15 minutes

Question:
31. What is the peak time of ipratropium?
Answer:
1 to 2 hours

Question:
32. How long does ipratropium last?
Answer:
about 6 hours

Question:
33. What is the half life of ipratropium?
Answer:
2 to 4 hours, most not absorbed systemically

Question:
34. What are some adverse effects for ipratropium?
Answer:
nervousness, dizziness, headache, nausea, cough, palpitations, ocular changes, hypersensitivity, urinary
retention, paradoxical bronchospasm

Question:
35. What are the two types of antitussives?
Answer:
traditional and locally acting