WVU Psychology 101 Exam #4 Final Test
Questions with Rationales 2026/2027
Updated.
personality - Answer the characteristic ways that people differ from one another
personality traits - Answer enduring dispositions in behavior that show differences across
individuals, and which tend to characterize the person across varying types of situations
continuous distributions - Answer characteristics can go from low to high, with all different
immediate values possible; one does not simply have that trait or not have it, but can possess
varying amounts of both
the three criteria that characterize personality traits - Answer consistency, stability, and
individual differences
consistency - Answer home, work, public, private
stability - Answer age, through lifespan (adult remain the same)
individual differences - Answer more or less (not the ability)
lexical hypthesis - Answer idea that the most important differences between people will be
encoded in the language that we use to describe people
factor analysis - Answer statistical technique for grouping similar things together according to
how highly they are associated
five-factor model for personality (OCEAN) - Answer openness, conscientiousness, extraversion,
agreeableness, and neuroticism
openness - Answer reflects a person's tendency to seek out and to appreciate new things,
including thoughts, feelings, values, and experiences
conscientiousness - Answer reflects a person's tendency to be careful, organized, hardworking,
and to follow the rules
, extraversion - Answer reflects a person's tendency to be sociable, outgoing, active, and
assertive
aggreeableness - Answer reflects a person's tendency to be compassionate, cooperative,
warm, and caring to others
neuroticism - Answer reflects a person's tendency to be inter-personally sensitive and the
tendency to experience negative emotions like anxiety, fear, sadness, and anger
eyseneck emphasis - Answer this model believes extraversion and neuroticism are the most
important parts of the five factor model, uses biological basis, reward/avoidance
HEXACO - Answer slight revision of the five factor model that contains a 6th facet,
honesty/humility
humanistic model - Answer people who have clear, defined goals (ex: the client knows what
they need)
psychondynamic theories - Answer people lacking insight into their lives (ex: the client doesn't
know what they need and its the therapist's job to know)
objective tests - Answer exams that contain standard items and scoring, most common
approach for assessment; self-knowledge, simple, easy, inexpensive, and valid
self reporting - Answer an assessment in which you tell someone else about yourself
high-stakes testing - Answer settings in which test scores are used to make important
decisions about individuals
advantages - Answer cost-effectiveness, simplicity and abundances are ________ of self
reporting
disadvantages - Answer high stakes situations, reduction of reliability, self enhancement bias
and reference group effect are ________ of self reporting
self-enhancement bias - Answer the tendency for people to see and/or present themselves in
an overly favorable way
Questions with Rationales 2026/2027
Updated.
personality - Answer the characteristic ways that people differ from one another
personality traits - Answer enduring dispositions in behavior that show differences across
individuals, and which tend to characterize the person across varying types of situations
continuous distributions - Answer characteristics can go from low to high, with all different
immediate values possible; one does not simply have that trait or not have it, but can possess
varying amounts of both
the three criteria that characterize personality traits - Answer consistency, stability, and
individual differences
consistency - Answer home, work, public, private
stability - Answer age, through lifespan (adult remain the same)
individual differences - Answer more or less (not the ability)
lexical hypthesis - Answer idea that the most important differences between people will be
encoded in the language that we use to describe people
factor analysis - Answer statistical technique for grouping similar things together according to
how highly they are associated
five-factor model for personality (OCEAN) - Answer openness, conscientiousness, extraversion,
agreeableness, and neuroticism
openness - Answer reflects a person's tendency to seek out and to appreciate new things,
including thoughts, feelings, values, and experiences
conscientiousness - Answer reflects a person's tendency to be careful, organized, hardworking,
and to follow the rules
, extraversion - Answer reflects a person's tendency to be sociable, outgoing, active, and
assertive
aggreeableness - Answer reflects a person's tendency to be compassionate, cooperative,
warm, and caring to others
neuroticism - Answer reflects a person's tendency to be inter-personally sensitive and the
tendency to experience negative emotions like anxiety, fear, sadness, and anger
eyseneck emphasis - Answer this model believes extraversion and neuroticism are the most
important parts of the five factor model, uses biological basis, reward/avoidance
HEXACO - Answer slight revision of the five factor model that contains a 6th facet,
honesty/humility
humanistic model - Answer people who have clear, defined goals (ex: the client knows what
they need)
psychondynamic theories - Answer people lacking insight into their lives (ex: the client doesn't
know what they need and its the therapist's job to know)
objective tests - Answer exams that contain standard items and scoring, most common
approach for assessment; self-knowledge, simple, easy, inexpensive, and valid
self reporting - Answer an assessment in which you tell someone else about yourself
high-stakes testing - Answer settings in which test scores are used to make important
decisions about individuals
advantages - Answer cost-effectiveness, simplicity and abundances are ________ of self
reporting
disadvantages - Answer high stakes situations, reduction of reliability, self enhancement bias
and reference group effect are ________ of self reporting
self-enhancement bias - Answer the tendency for people to see and/or present themselves in
an overly favorable way
