PSY100 TEST 1 (UOFT UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

PSY100 TEST 1 (UOFT UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS

Question:
1. Pure psychology
Answer:
Explores mechanism often through experiments, deals with abstract concepts and minutiae, is in the lab

Question:
2. Applied psychology
Answer:
The study of psychological issues that have direct practical significance; what predicts, changes, or
manages behaviour (often in a therapeutic context)

Question:
3. Biological levels of analysis
Answer:
On the molecular or neurochemical level; involves molecules and brain structure

Question:
4. Why do we eat?
Answer:
- Blood sugar, insulin, ghrelin and leptin levels all matter (and more)
- The sight, smell, or thought of food can trigger a physiological cascade which prepares us for eating
(cephalic phase)
- Specific brain areas (e.g., hypothalamus) are involved in eating and energy metabolism
- Emotional or affective state (e.g., bored, anxious)
- Incentive value (motivation) and hedonic value (does it taste good?)

Question:
5. Ghrelin
Answer:
Hormone secreted by empty stomach; sends "I'm hungry" signals to the brain

Question:
6. Leptin
Answer:
Hormone that signals the reduction of appetite when there is an increase in adipose (fat) storage after
eating

Question:
7. Ventromedial hypothalamic lesion

,Answer:
Obese rat has a ventromedial hypothalamic lesion (damage)
- Ventromedial = bottom middle of the hypothalamus
- If this area is damaged, there is a change in hunger and energy metabolism resulting in steady weight gain




Question:
8. Psychological level of analysis
Answer:
Mental or neurological level; involves thoughts, feelings, and emotions

Question:
9. Marshmallow test
Answer:
"If you don't eat this now, I'll give you two later"
Correlation between the children who could delay gratification and their performance as adults
However, this correlation isn't perfect because some children mistrust figures of authority and do not trust
them to follow through later

Question:
10. Milkshakes and hunger hormone experiment
Answer:
Labeled 104 cals vs. 620 cals, even though both of them were the same; two shakes associated with
different hunger hormone responses




Question:
11. Social culture influences level of analysis
Answer:
Social or behavioural level; involves relating to others and personal relationships

Question:
12. Classical conditioning
Answer:
A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events
Time may be a conditioned (learned) cue that increases hunger

,Question:
13. Social facilitation of eating
Answer:
People eat more when eating with others; this effect depends on our familiarity with other people

Question:
14. Influences of marketing on eating
Answer:
Light foods (veggies, fruits) often marketed to women; heartier foods (meats, potatoes) marketed to men

Question:
15. Multifactorial
Answer:
Many factors influential, each of small effect; all of these factors interact

Question:
16. Individual differences
Answer:
Variations among people in their thinking, emotion, personality, and behavior

Question:
17. Cultural differences
Answer:
Variations among cultures

Question:
18. Biases
Answer:
Preferences in judgement

Question:
19. Fallacies
Answer:
Errors in logical thinking

Question:
20. Confirmation bias
Answer:
Overvaluing information that agrees with our beliefs and undervaluing information that does not

Question:
21. Meta-analysis
Answer:
A procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies

, Question:
22. Macbeth effect
Answer:
The theory that things that are immoral are associated with the feeling of uncleanliness (Generally, studies
do not support this theory)




Question:
23. Illusion of causality
Answer:
Tendency to find relationships between phenomena linked in space and time; people often assume that if A
came before B, then A must have caused B

Question:
24. Spurious/random relationships
Answer:
Two variables may appear to be statistically related, but there is actually no causal link




Question:
25. The clustering illusion
Answer:
We may erroneously infer patterns from small, non-representative amounts of data that are actually
random

Question:
26. Apophenia
Answer:
Tendency to find connections among unrelated or random phenomena